Preface Contents Part I: Human Health: Past, Present and Future Chapter 1: Health Systems of the World 1.1 Development of a Profile for Service Delivery 1.2 Implications of Shifting Landscape 1.2.1 Health Care Innovation 1.2.2 Health Clusters 1.3 Health Systems 1.3.1 Health care in the USA 1.3.2 Canada 1.4 UK Health Care System 1.5 Health Care in the European Union 1.6 Health Care Systems in Asia 1.6.1 Singapore 1.6.2 China 1.6.3 India 1.7 Health Care System in Australia 1.8 Health Care System in Africa 1.9 Top Health Care Systems 1.9.1 South Korea 1.9.2 Taiwan 1.9.3 Denmark 1.9.4 Austria 1.9.5 Japan 1.9.6 France 1.9.7 Spain, Belgium, and the UK 1.10 Global Health 2035 1.11 Human Health in the Changing World 1.12 The Way Forward 1.12.1 Health Care Systems in Developed Countries 1.13 Global Health References Chapter 2: The Future of Health Care Delivery 2.1 Universal Health Coverage 2.2 Trends for Future Health Care 2.3 Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) 2.4 Lifestyle Diseases 2.5 Mental Health 2.6 Changing Health Needs of the People 2.7 Climate Change 2.8 Implications for Academic Health Centers 2.9 Strategies to Reshape the Health Care Industry Landscape 2.10 Artificial Intelligence 2.11 Trends in Hospital Planning and Design 2.12 Community Outreach 2.13 Health Care Delivery 2.14 Preparing Today’s Leaders for Tomorrow’s World 2.15 Future Global Human Resource Trends 2.16 Quality Management 2.17 Health Care in India 2.18 Health Insurance 2.19 Models of Health Care Delivery 2.20 Affordable Health Care: Singapore Experience 2.21 Future Trends 2.22 Artificial Intelligence (Twenty-First Century) 2.22.1 Regrowing Damaged Body Parts 2.22.2 A Pill That Lets You Know You Have Taken It—Smart Pills 2.22.3 AI Can Detect Skin Cancer Better Than a Doctor 2.22.4 Your Phone Will Know If You Are Depressed 2.22.5 Helping the Body’s Immune System Fight Cancer 2.22.6 Medicine That Is Tailored to Fit 2.22.7 Fixing Defective Genes 2.23 Summary References Chapter 3: An Epidemiological Perspective for Health Care Management 3.1 Population Characteristics 3.2 Need for Health Care 3.3 Utilization of Health Care Services 3.4 Health Status of Populations Served 3.5 Epidemiologic Concepts and Methods 3.6 Trends in Service Population Size 3.7 Service Population Characteristics 3.8 Understanding the Consequences of Health Problems 3.9 The Relationship Between Health System Characteristics and the Health Status of Populations Served 3.10 Monitoring Health Care Systems 3.11 Modifying Structure and Processes 3.12 Formulation and Evaluation of Public Policy 3.13 Feasibility of Using Epidemiology References Chapter 4: Health Policy and Planning 4.1 Health Planning Approaches 4.2 Spiral Model of Planning 4.3 Primary Health Care 4.4 Environmental Policy 4.5 Universal Health Coverage (UHC) 4.6 One Health 4.7 Looking Ahead References Chapter 5: Healthcare Finance 5.1 Top 10 Health Care Spenders Spending as Percentage of GDP 5.2 Top 10 Military Spenders 5.3 Health Spending 5.4 Health Insurance 5.4.1 Private Health Insurance 5.4.1.1 The Trends and Strategies 5.5 Financing of Health Care in Developing Countries 5.6 Impact on Health Status 5.7 Cost Awareness 5.8 Control of Healthcare Costs 5.9 Hospital Cost Control 5.9.1 Pre-Admission Certificate (PAC) 5.9.2 Ambulatory Services 5.9.3 Pre-Admission Testing (PAT) 5.9.4 Second Opinion Surgery 5.9.4.1 Deductibles and Coinsurance 5.9.4.2 Short-Stay Maternity Benefits 5.9.4.3 Other Procedures 5.10 The Value Improvement Process 5.10.1 Performance Budget 5.11 Financing Healthcare Facilities 5.12 Alternative Strategies 5.13 Capitation/User Charges 5.14 Improving the Value for Money 5.14.1 Pooled Financing 5.14.2 Evaluation of Effectiveness 5.14.3 Education and Training 5.14.4 Balance of Different Systems 5.15 Innovative Methods of Revenue Generation 5.16 Critical Analysis References Chapter 6: Evaluating Health Systems 6.1 Aspects of Health Care to Be Evaluated 6.1.1 Quality 6.1.2 Core Indicators 6.2 The Process of Evaluation 6.2.1 Planning 6.2.2 Implementation 6.2.3 Intervention 6.2.4 Monitoring and Feedback 6.3 Analytic Approaches to Evaluation: An Epidemiologic Perspective 6.3.1 Study Designs for Evaluating Interventions 6.3.1.1 Observational Studies 6.3.1.2 Experimental Studies 6.3.1.3 Prospects of Health Services Evaluation 6.3.2 Health Service Programs 6.4 Monitoring 6.5 Case Studies 6.6 Basic Survey Designs 6.6.1 The Elements of Design 6.6.1.1 Groups, Treatments, Measurements Group Achieving True Control Groups The Non-Equivalent Control Group Measurement Times 6.6.2 Experimental Designs 6.6.2.1 Features Required of Experimental Designs 6.6.3 Quasi-Experimental Designs 6.6.3.1 The Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design 6.6.3.2 The Solomon Four-Group Design 6.6.3.3 The Posttest-Only Control Group Design 6.6.3.4 Nonexperimental Designs 6.7 Cross-Sectional Studies 6.7.1 After-Only Design 6.7.1.1 Separate Sample Pre-Posttest Design 6.8 Cohort Studies 6.8.1 Cohort Study Designs 6.9 Trend Studies 6.9.1 Equivalent Cohort Design 6.10 Panel Studies 6.10.1 Penal Study Design 6.10.1.1 Meta-Analysis of Evaluation Studies 6.11 Improving the Performance of Health System References Chapter 7: Health Care Needs Assessment 7.1 Population Characteristics 7.2 Epidemiologic Concepts and Methods 7.3 Trends in Service Population Size 7.4 Monitoring Health Care Systems 7.5 Modifying Structure and Processes 7.6 Feasibility of Epidemiology References Chapter 8: Approaches to Health Care Needs Assessment 8.1 Health Care Needs Assessment 8.2 Concepts of Needs 8.3 Baseline Services 8.4 Individual Needs and Population Needs 8.5 Need, Supply, and Demand 8.6 Approaches to Needs Assessment 8.6.1 Comparative Approach to Needs Assessment 8.6.2 Corporate Approach to Needs Assessment 8.6.3 The Epidemiological Approach to Needs Assessment 8.6.4 Statement of the Problem 8.6.5 Subcategories 8.6.6 Prevalence and Incidence 8.6.7 Service Availability 8.6.8 Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Services 8.6.9 Models of Care 8.6.10 Outcomes, Targets, Information, and Research 8.7 Summary References Chapter 9: Public–Private Partnership 9.1 Dimensions of Partnership 9.2 Synergistic Model of Public–Private Partnership 9.3 Service Contract 9.4 Performance-Based Management Contract 9.4.1 Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) 9.5 Public–Private Partnership in India’s Health Sector References Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Care 10.1 Evidence-Based Practice 10.2 Evidence-Based Practice 10.3 The PICO Framework 10.4 Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analysis 10.5 Clinical Evidence 10.6 Unfiltered Resources 10.7 Clinical Key and Evidence 10.8 EBM and Librarians 10.9 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) 10.10 Canadian Context 10.11 Future of EBM Research References Chapter 11: Complementary and Alternative Health Care and Medical Practice 11.1 Whole Medical System 11.2 Types of Complementary and Alternative Medicine 11.3 Mind–Body Therapies 11.3.1 Patterns of Use 11.3.2 Fields of Practice 11.3.3 Existing Evidence 11.4 Other Modalities 11.5 Retrospect and Prospect 11.6 Manipulative and Body-Based Practices 11.6.1 Energy Healing References Part II: Hospital Management: Principles and Practice Chapter 12: Modern Techniques in Health Care Management 12.1 The Feedback Loop 12.1.1 Feedback Loop Modified for Demand 12.2 Time Series Analysis 12.2.1 Approaches to Forecasting 12.3 Value Analysis 12.3.1 Economic Analysis 12.4 Queuing Theory 12.5 PERT and CPM 12.5.1 Gantt Chart 12.5.2 Milestone Chart 12.5.3 Flow Process Chart 12.5.4 Pareto Chart 12.6 Statistical Quality Control (SQC) 12.7 Operations Research/Work Study 12.7.1 Procedure 12.7.2 The Method to Be Followed 12.8 Cost Analysis 12.8.1 Importance and Use of Cost Analysis 12.8.2 Definition of Various Terms 12.9 Management by Objectives (MBO) 12.10 Quality Circles 12.10.1 Objectives 12.10.2 Process 12.11 Maps 12.11.1 Units of Analysis 12.12 Skills of a Manager 12.12.1 Theory of Constraints: Transforming Ideas 12.12.2 Applications in Health Care 12.12.3 Emerging Perspectives and Future Trends 12.12.4 Health Care Transformation 12.13 Health Care Marketing 12.13.1 Marketing 12.13.2 Looking Ahead References Chapter 13: Fundamentals of Administrative Functions 13.1 Functions of an Administrator 13.1.1 Elements of Management 13.1.2 Planning 13.1.3 Organizing 13.1.4 Staffing 13.1.5 Directing 13.1.6 Controlling 13.1.7 Innovating 13.1.8 Representing (to the Public) 13.2 Levels of Management 13.2.1 Upper-Level Management 13.2.2 Middle-Level Management 13.2.3 Lower-Level Management 13.2.3.1 Line-Staff Relationships A Line Position A Staff Position 13.3 Planning 13.3.1 Importance of Planning 13.3.1.1 Steps in Planning Process 13.3.2 Important Aspects of Planning Process 13.4 Planning in Action 13.4.1 The Strategic Planning Process 13.4.2 Developing a Strategic Plan 13.4.3 Setting Effective Objectives 13.4.4 Management by Objectives (MBO) 13.4.5 Forecasting 13.5 Organizing 13.5.1 Systems Theory 13.5.2 Characteristics of Systems 13.5.2.1 Organizational Charts 13.5.2.2 Organizational Growth 13.6 Innovation 13.6.1 Organizational Growth 13.7 Directing 13.7.1 Policy Making 13.7.2 Decision-Making 13.8 Leadership 13.8.1 Bases of Power and Influence 13.9 Leadership Styles 13.9.1 The Leader Dimension 13.9.1.1 Theory X and Theory Y 13.9.1.2 Continuum of Leadership Behavior 13.10 Leadership Behavior Styles 13.10.1 Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid 13.10.2 Participative Leadership 13.10.3 Leadership and the Situation 13.10.4 Situational Leadership Theory and the Tri-Dimensional Model 13.10.5 The Contingency Model 13.10.6 Diagnosing the Situation 13.10.7 Building a Team 13.10.8 Leadership Effectiveness 13.10.9 Democratic Leadership 13.10.9.1 How Functional Is It? 13.10.10 Leadership Dilemma 13.10.11 Choosing a Leadership Style 13.10.12 Deciding How to Lead 13.10.13 Leadership Skill Requirements 13.10.13.1 Top Leadership Skills 13.10.13.2 Characteristics of the Effective Leader 13.10.14 Charismatic Leadership 13.10.14.1 Day-to-Day Leadership Requirements 13.10.14.2 Evidence-Based Management 13.10.15 Moral and Social Justification of the Facility 13.10.15.1 Administrative Leadership 13.11 Management By Exception 13.12 Innovating 13.13 Quality Decision-Making 13.14 Artificial Intelligence 13.14.1 Decision Styles 13.14.1.1 The Decision-Making Process Steps in Decision-Making Identifying the Central Problem Developing Alternatives 13.14.1.2 Creativity and Decision- Making Alternatives 13.14.1.3 Using Groups and Committees for Developing Alternatives 13.14.1.4 What the Manager Can Do 13.15 Techniques for Analyzing Alternatives 13.15.1 Capital Budgeting Techniques 13.15.2 Break-Even Analysis 13.15.3 Management Science Techniques 13.15.3.1 Making the Decision Fitting Decision-Making to the Task Judgment, Intuition, Creativity 13.15.4 Guidelines for Improved Decision Making 13.15.4.1 Marshall the Facts 13.15.4.2 Consult Your Feelings 13.15.4.3 Make Sure the Timing Is Right 13.15.4.4 Don’t Overstress the “Finality” of Your Decision 13.15.4.5 Talk It Over 13.15.4.6 Check Your Assumptions 13.15.4.7 Analyze the Problem With an Open Mind Know Yourself 13.16 Meta-Leadership References Chapter 14: Strategic Planning 14.1 Epidemiologic Basis of Strategic Planning 14.2 The Theoretical Basis for Strategic Planning 14.3 The Strategic Planning Process 14.3.1 Step 1 14.3.2 Step 2 14.3.3 Step 3 14.3.3.1 Task A: Market Analysis 14.3.3.2 Task B: Assessment of Forces in the External Environment 14.3.3.3 Task C: Competitive Analysis 14.3.3.4 Task D: Internal Organizational Audit 14.3.3.5 Task E: Quality Audit 14.3.4 Step 4 14.3.5 Step 5 14.3.6 Step 6 14.4 Data Resources for Strategic Planning 14.5 Tools to Facilitate Strategic Planning 14.6 Applicability of the Strategic Planning Process 14.7 The Format and Content of the Strategic Plan 14.8 Strategic Planning for the Health Care Facility References Chapter 15: Procurement Management in Health Care Systems 15.1 A Good Purchasing System 15.1.1 Fundamentals of Purchasing 15.2 Purchasing Systems 15.3 Group Purchasing 15.3.1 Types of Purchasing Groups 15.3.1.1 Independent Groups 15.3.1.2 System-Based Groups 15.3.2 Alliance or Association-Based Groups 15.3.3 Advantages of Group Purchasing 15.3.4 Disadvantages of Group Purchasing 15.3.5 Strategies for Group Success 15.4 Principles of Purchasing 15.4.1 Right Quantity 15.4.2 Right Quality 15.4.3 Right Quality 15.4.4 Right Price 15.4.5 Value Analysis 15.4.6 Right Time (Delivery) 15.4.7 Right Sources 15.5 Purchase Through DGS&D 15.6 Stores Management 15.7 Type of Hospital Stores 15.7.1 Planning of Hospital Stores 15.7.2 Medical and Drug Stores 15.7.3 Surgical Stores 15.7.4 General Stores 15.7.5 Linen Stores 15.7.6 Stationery Stores 15.7.7 Dietary Stores 15.7.8 Engineering and Maintenance Stores 15.7.9 Indenting of Stores 15.7.10 Annual Indents 15.7.11 Supplementary Indents 15.7.12 Emergent Indents 15.7.13 Prerequisites for Indenting 15.7.14 Procurement 15.7.14.1 Registration of Firms 15.7.14.2 Banning/Blacklisting of Firms 15.7.15 Banning 15.7.16 Removal 15.7.17 Blacklisting 15.7.18 Recovery of Damages 15.7.19 Procurement of Stores 15.7.19.1 Direct Purchase 15.7.19.2 Receipt, Acceptance, and Opening of Tenders 15.7.19.3 Comparative Statement and Selection 15.7.19.4 Purchase of Proprietary Articles/Drugs 15.7.19.5 Placement of Supply Orders 15.7.19.6 Repeat Supply Orders 15.7.19.7 Inspection of Stores 15.7.19.8 Payment of Bills 15.7.19.9 Stock Verification 15.7.19.10 Obsolescence 15.7.19.11 Condemnation 15.7.19.12 Auction of Stores/Disposal of Surplus 15.7.19.13 How to Prevent Drug Stockouts 15.8 Stores Control 15.8.1 Closed System 15.8.2 Open System 15.8.3 Location of Stores 15.8.4 Layout of Stores 15.8.5 Space Requirement 15.9 Cost Containment 15.10 Strategic Purchasing 15.11 Value Based Purchasing (VBP) References Chapter 16: Hospital Information Systems 16.1 Hospital Information System 16.2 Types of HIS 16.3 Best Practices for HIS 16.3.1 Functions of the HIS 16.3.2 Applications of HIS 16.4 Appropriate Design 16.4.1 HIS Design Considerations 16.5 System Development Life Cycle 16.6 Patient Care Information Systems 16.7 Paper Medical Records 16.8 Architecture of HIS 16.9 Scope of HIS 16.10 Organizational Structure 16.11 Benefits of HIS 16.12 Management Information System (MIS) 16.13 Selecting a Hospital Information System 16.14 Hospital Management Information System 16.15 Improved Information Access—Ambulatory Care 16.16 HIS: An Ongoing Journey 16.17 Future Scenario References Chapter 17: Medical Records 17.1 Functions of Medical Records Department 17.1.1 Central Admission and Enquiry Office 17.1.2 Out-Patient Section 17.1.3 Central Record Department 17.1.3.1 Assembling 17.2 Quantitative Analysis 17.2.1 Basic Records 17.2.2 Special Records 17.2.3 Deficiency Check 17.2.4 Coding 17.2.5 Indexing 17.2.6 Analysis and Statistics 17.2.7 Reporting 17.2.8 Numbering and Filing 17.2.8.1 Serial Numbering 17.2.8.2 Unit-Number System 17.2.8.3 Serial-Unit Numbering 17.3 Filing System 17.3.1 Decentralized System 17.3.2 Centralized System 17.3.3 Methods of Filing 17.3.3.1 Horizontal Filing 17.3.3.2 Vertical Filing 17.4 Space 17.5 Storage (Retention) 17.6 Ownership and Uses 17.6.1 As a Personal Document 17.6.1.1 Patient 17.6.1.2 Relatives and Friends 17.6.1.3 Press 17.6.1.4 Insurance Companies 17.6.1.5 Police 17.6.1.6 Court of Law 17.6.2 As an Impersonal Document 17.7 Electronic Health Records References Chapter 18: Computerized Medical Record Systems 18.1 Medical Record Models 18.2 The Input Process 18.3 The Output Process 18.4 The Storage Process 18.5 The Way Medical Records are Organized 18.6 The Medical Record System 18.7 Minimum Basic Data Set 18.8 A Name is Not Enough 18.8.1 Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology 18.9 Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine 18.9.1 Diagnosis-Related Groups 18.9.2 TNM Classification 18.9.3 Current Procedural Terminology 18.9.4 Read Codes 18.10 Architecture of an Electronic Medical Record System 18.10.1 The Storage Problem 18.10.2 In Search of a Model 18.11 Bibliographic Retrieval Systems 18.11.1 The Information Overload 18.11.2 Online Database Services 18.11.2.1 Medline 18.11.2.2 Embase 18.11.2.3 Emdrugs 18.11.2.4 CD-ROM 18.11.2.5 CD Plus Medline from CD Plus 18.11.2.6 Drug Information Centre from American Society of Pharmacists 18.11.2.7 Excerpta Medica CD: Drugs and Pharmacology from Silver Platter Information Inc. 18.12 Looking Ahead References Chapter 19: Nursing Services 19.1 Professionalization 19.2 Changes in the Expectations of Consumer 19.2.1 Nursing Tasks 19.2.2 Role of Nursing Supervisor 19.2.3 Job Responsibilities of Nurses 19.2.4 Nursing Care Requires 19.3 The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses 19.4 Nursing Practice 19.4.1 Organization of Nursing Service 19.4.2 The Structure and Management of Nursing Services 19.4.3 Staffing 19.5 Factors Affecting Human Resource Planning 19.6 Methods of Human Resource Planning 19.6.1 Normative Methods 19.6.1.1 Indices of Hospital Nurses 19.7 A Model Classification System 19.8 Application to Staffing 19.8.1 How to Calculate Required Nursing Hours 19.8.1.1 How to Calculate Available Staff Hours By Skill Level 19.8.1.2 How to Develop Staffing Tables 19.8.2 Indian Staffing Norms 19.8.3 Norms of Staffing (SIU—Staff Inspection Unit) 19.8.3.1 High Power Committee on Nursing and the Profession (1987–1989) 19.8.4 Community Nursing Services 19.8.5 Management of a Nursing Unit 19.8.6 Physical Facilities 19.9 Organization and Staffing 19.9.1 Nursing Care 19.9.2 Organization 19.9.3 Domestic 19.9.4 Number of Patients 19.9.5 Physical Dependency of Patients 19.9.6 Total Nursing Needs of the Patient 19.9.7 Physical Facilities, Equipment, and Supplies 19.10 Work Allocation 19.10.1 Patterns of Assignment 19.11 Record 19.12 Evaluation 19.12.1 Towards Quality Nursing Care 19.12.2 The Nursing Unit 19.12.2.1 Area 19.12.2.2 Functions 19.12.3 Planning for Total Patient Care 19.12.4 After-Care of Patients 19.12.5 Objectives of Nursing Care 19.12.6 Commonly Encountered Problems 19.12.7 Job Responsibilities of Nursing Staff 19.12.7.1 Indices of Nursing Performance 19.12.8 Standards of Nursing Practice 19.12.9 Curriculum for a New Millennium 19.12.10 Looking Ahead References Chapter 20: Health Care Marketing 20.1 Action Plan 20.2 Issues 20.2.1 Using Marketing Principles for Health Care Development 20.2.2 Principal Marketing Activities 20.2.3 Analyzing Opportunities 20.3 Selecting Target Market 20.4 Devising Marketing Strategies 20.4.1 Positioning 20.4.2 Product Development 20.4.3 Maintaining the Product Lifecycle 20.5 Planning Marketing Programs 20.6 Organizing, Implementing, and Controlling 20.7 Working Within a Strategic Framework 20.7.1 Pathways to Using Marketing Principle 20.8 Emerging Perspectives and Future Trends in Health Care Marketing 20.8.1 Health Care Content Marketing 20.9 Build Sophisticated Capabilities 20.10 Measure What Works 20.10.1 Components of a Health Care Marketing Strategy 20.11 Health Care Provider 20.11.1 Challenges of Health Care Marketing 20.11.2 Medical Marketing Trends 20.12 Online Tools for Health Care Marketing 20.12.1 Steps for Establishing Your Health Care Marketing Strategy 20.12.2 Social Media and Health Care Marketing 20.12.3 Health Care Marketing Strategies 20.12.4 Health Care Marketing Initiatives 20.12.5 Developing a Marketing Plan 20.12.6 Activities Regarding Hospital Marketing 20.12.7 Measuring Marketing Campaign Success 20.12.8 Marketing Fundamentals References Part III: Management of Organizational Behaviour Chapter 21: Operations Research 21.1 Constituents of the OR Process 21.2 Techniques of Operations Research 21.3 Quantitative Analysis, Decision Support Systems, and AI 21.3.1 Management Information Systems 21.3.2 Decision Support Systems 21.4 Artificial Intelligence 21.4.1 Benefits of Artificial Intelligence 21.4.2 Use of Expert Systems 21.5 Looking Ahead References Chapter 22: Transactional Analysis 22.1 The Parent 22.2 The Child 22.3 The Adult 22.4 Parent Clues 22.4.1 Physical 22.4.2 Verbal 22.5 Child Clues 22.6 Adult Clues 22.6.1 Physical 22.6.2 Verbal 22.7 Crossed Transactions 22.8 Ulterior Transactions 22.9 Duplex Transactions 22.10 Summary 22.11 Looking Ahead References Chapter 23: Managing Conflict 23.1 Conflicts and Intergroup Relations 23.1.1 Conflict: Too Much or Too Little? 23.1.2 Conflict Among Groups 23.2 Managing Conflict 23.2.1 Diagnosing the Conflict 23.2.2 How to Deal with Conflict? 23.2.3 Teamwork 23.3 Power Differences 23.4 Societal Differences 23.5 Summary References Part IV: Modern Approach to Quality Chapter 24: Surgical Audit 24.1 The Evolution of Surgical Audit 24.2 The Establishment of Standards 24.3 Economic Audit 24.4 The Grading of Severity of Illness 24.5 Standardized Mortality Rates 24.6 Performance Indicators 24.6.1 Limitations 24.7 The Containment of Costs 24.8 Prevention 24.9 Audit of Outcome 24.10 Guidelines for Audit 24.11 Methods 24.11.1 Adverse Patient Events 24.11.2 Key Indicators 24.11.2.1 Process 24.11.2.2 Outcome 24.11.3 Resource Utilization Indicators 24.11.4 Topic Review 24.11.4.1 General Surgery 24.11.4.2 Cardiothoracic Surgery 24.11.4.3 Urology 24.11.4.4 Neurosurgery 24.11.4.5 Pediatric Surgery 24.11.4.6 Obstetrics and Gynecology 24.11.4.7 Orthopedic Surgery 24.11.4.8 Plastic Surgery 24.11.4.9 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 24.11.4.10 Otolaryngology 24.11.4.11 Ophthalmology 24.11.5 Epidemiological Review 24.11.6 National Audit Studies 24.12 Modern Surgical Practice References Chapter 25: Total Quality Management 25.1 Focus on Quality 25.2 Working Together 25.3 Legal Perspective 25.4 Defining Quality 25.5 Ethical Standards 25.6 Quality Control Functions 25.7 Managerial Opportunities 25.8 Elements of QA 25.9 Accountability Structures 25.10 Evaluation of QA 25.11 Scope of TQM 25.12 Role of Management 25.13 Implementation 25.14 Looking Ahead References Part V: Health Care Reforms Chapter 26: Professional Regulation, Law, and Ethics 26.1 On Being a Doctor 26.2 A Humane Approach 26.2.1 Technological Complexity 26.2.1.1 Duties of Medical Care 26.3 Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 26.4 Responsibility and Sensitivity 26.4.1 Legal Actions Against Health Care Providers 26.4.2 The Litigation Process 26.5 Clinical Expertise 26.6 Medical Errors 26.6.1 Professional Regulation 26.6.1.1 The Law 26.6.1.2 Rational Self-Interest 26.6.1.3 The Clinical Importance of Trust 26.6.1.4 The Doctor/Patient Relationship 26.7 Medical Decision-Making 26.8 Ethical Principles 26.8.1 Respect for Autonomy 26.8.2 Beneficence 26.8.3 The Nature of Medical Mistakes 26.8.3.1 Clinical Negligence 26.8.4 Breach of Professional Duty 26.8.4.1 Inexperience Is Not Relevant 26.8.4.2 Mistakes Are Not Necessarily to Be Feared 26.8.5 Respect for Autonomy 26.8.5.1 Consent That Is Legally Valid 26.8.5.2 Battery 26.8.5.3 Negligence: Knowledge of Potential Hazards 26.8.5.4 The Appropriate Disclosure Standard for Doctors 26.8.5.5 Implied vs. Express Consent 26.8.5.6 Confidentiality 26.8.5.7 Respecting Confidentiality in Practice 26.8.5.8 When Confidentiality Must or May Be Breached 26.8.5.9 Children 26.8.5.10 Psychiatric Illness 26.8.6 Protect Life and Health 26.8.6.1 Competent Refusal 26.9 Medical Law and Ethics 26.10 Law Classifications 26.11 Contracts 26.12 Malpractice 26.13 Malpractice and Civil Law 26.13.1 Terminating Care of a Patient 26.14 Standard of Care 26.14.1 Documentation 26.14.2 Referrals 26.14.3 Patients and the Legal Documents 26.14.4 Confidentiality Issues 26.15 Confidentiality 26.16 Legal and Ethical Regulations 26.17 Doctor–Patient Relationship 26.17.1 Death and Related Queries 26.17.1.1 Terminal Illness and Palliative Care 26.18 Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) 26.19 Surrogacy 26.20 Genetic Testing 26.21 Creating Awareness 26.22 Breaking Bad News (BBN) References Chapter 27: Scientific Research 27.1 Scientific Research 27.2 Scientific Inquiry 27.2.1 Properties of Scientific Inquiry 27.2.2 Types of Research 27.2.3 The Research Process 27.2.4 Research Methods 27.2.4.1 Quantitative Methods 27.2.4.2 Qualitative Data Sources 27.2.4.3 Designing a Study (RD) 27.3 Methodology 27.3.1 Definition of Methodology 27.3.2 Characteristics 27.3.2.1 Results 27.4 The Discussion 27.5 Biomedical Research 27.6 Types of Research Studies 27.7 Qualitative Research 27.8 Quantitative Research 27.9 Research Methods 27.9.1 Validity 27.10 Populations and Samples 27.10.1 Why Sample? 27.11 Types of Sampling Procedures 27.12 Types of Questions 27.12.1 Variables 27.13 Hypotheses 27.14 Structure of Research 27.14.1 Validity 27.15 Ethical Issues 27.15.1 The Literature Review 27.16 Concept Mapping 27.16.1 Sampling 27.17 Sampling 27.17.1 Probability Sampling 27.17.1.1 Simple Random Sampling 27.17.1.2 Stratified Random Sampling 27.17.1.3 Systematic Random Sampling 27.17.1.4 Cluster Random Sampling 27.17.1.5 Multistage Sampling 27.17.1.6 Nonprobability Sampling 27.17.2 Measurement Validity Types 27.17.2.1 Construct Validity 27.17.2.2 Criterion-Related Validity 27.17.3 Convergent and Discriminant Validity 27.17.3.1 Convergent Validity 27.17.3.2 Discriminant Validity 27.18 Reliability 27.18.1 Types of Reliability 27.18.1.1 Levels of Measurement 27.18.2 Survey Research 27.19 Telephonic 27.19.1 Interviews 27.19.2 Scaling 27.20 Experimental Analysis 27.21 The T-Test 27.22 How to Write Research Work 27.22.1 Introduction 27.22.2 Methods 27.22.2.1 Sample Section 27.22.3 Measurement Section 27.23 Results 27.24 The Parts of a Research Paper References Part VI: Researches for Health Chapter 28: Technology Assessment in Health Care 28.1 Looking Ahead Reference Chapter 29: Health Statistics 29.1 Main Uses 29.2 Vital Statistics and Measurement in Public Health 29.2.1 Vital Statistics 29.2.2 Sources of Statistical Data 29.2.3 Problems of Measurement 29.2.3.1 Population Size 29.2.3.2 Inter-censal Events 29.2.4 Mortality Rates 29.2.4.1 Deriving a Rate 29.2.4.2 Seasonal Variation in Mortality: Quarterly Rates 29.2.4.3 Mortality Rates Around the Time of Birth 29.2.4.4 Secular Trends in Annual Mortality Rates 29.2.5 Specific Rates 29.2.5.1 Age- and Sex-Specific Mortality Rates 29.2.5.2 Mortality by Area, by Occupation, and by Social Class 29.2.5.3 Standardization 29.2.5.4 Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) 29.2.5.5 Interpreting the SMR 29.3 Descriptive Statistics and Confidence Intervals 29.3.1 Population 29.3.2 Representative Sample 29.3.3 A Statistic 29.3.4 A Variable 29.3.5 Diagrammatic Representation of Data 29.3.5.1 Histogram 29.3.5.2 Bar Chart 29.3.5.3 Pie Chart 29.3.5.4 Line Graph 29.3.5.5 Scatter Diagram 29.3.6 Frequency Distribution 29.3.7 Characteristics of Frequency Distributions 29.3.8 Measures of Central Tendency 29.3.9 Measures of Dispersion 29.3.10 Unimodal Distributions (Symmetrical and Skewed) 29.3.11 Bimodal Distributions 29.3.12 Rectangular or Uniform Distributions 29.3.13 Normal or Gaussian Distribution 29.3.13.1 Properties of the Normal Distribution (Fig. 29.11) 29.3.14 Sampling Variation 29.3.15 Random Sampling 29.3.15.1 Properties of Random Sampling 29.3.16 Sampling from Normal (Gaussian) Distributions 29.3.17 Sampling from Non-normal Distribution 29.3.18 Sample Size and Standard Error 29.3.19 Confidence Interval for an Unknown Mean 29.3.20 Two Groups of Paired Observations 29.3.21 Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Set of Differences 29.3.22 Confidence Intervals and Reference Ranges 29.4 Probability and Hypothesis Testing 29.5 Probability 29.5.1 Properties of Probability 29.5.1.1 Range of Values of Probability 29.5.1.2 Combining Probabilities of Mutually Exclusive Events 29.5.1.3 Combining Probabilities of Independent Events 29.5.2 The Probability Basis of Hypothesis Testing 29.5.3 Null and Alternative Hypothesis 29.5.4 Interpreting the p-Value 29.5.5 The Sign Test: A Prototype Hypothesis Test 29.5.5.1 Null Hypothesis, H0 29.5.5.2 Alternative Hypothesis, H1 29.5.6 Generalizing the Sign Test 29.5.6.1 The Influence of Sample Size 29.5.6.2 A Less-than-Unanimous Verdict 29.5.7 The Paired p-Test 29.5.8 Hypothesis Testing or Setting Confidence Intervals 29.6 Comparison of Means 29.6.1 Paired Study for Serial Changes 29.6.2 Deficiencies of Before and After Comparisons 29.6.2.1 Period Effects 29.6.2.2 Placebo Effects 29.6.2.3 Regression Towards the Mean 29.6.3 Valid Assessment of Treatment Efficacy 29.6.3.1 Controlled Trials 29.6.3.2 Random Allocation 29.6.3.3 Blind Recruitment 29.6.3.4 Intention-to-Treat Analysis 29.6.3.5 Blind Assessment 29.6.4 Comparison of Independent Groups: Two-Sample (Unpaired) t-Test 29.6.5 Interpreting Statistical Significance 29.6.6 Interpreting a Not Statistically Significant Result 29.7 Proportions and Their Comparison 29.7.1 Precision of a Proportion 29.7.2 Standard Error of a Proportion 29.7.3 Confidence Interval for a Proportion 29.7.4 Limitations of the Simple Method 29.7.5 Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Proportions 29.7.6 The Chi-Square (X2) Hypothesis Test to Compare Two Proportions 29.7.7 Individually Paired Samples: Mcnemar Test 29.7.8 A Summary of the Properties of the X2 Test References Chapter 30: Research and Development 30.1 The Wide Scope of Health Services Research 30.1.1 Effectiveness 30.1.2 Efficiency 30.1.3 Acceptability and Public/Patient Perceptions 30.1.4 Health Needs Assessment 30.1.5 Implementation and Technology Transfer 30.1.6 Health Care Resourcing, Organization, and Policy 30.1.7 Different Levels of Analysis 30.2 Methodological Research to Underpin HSR 30.2.1 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) 30.2.1.1 Generalizability 30.2.2 Enhancing Relevance of Practice 30.2.3 Patient Perspectives 30.2.4 Psychological Approaches 30.2.5 Meta-analyses 30.2.6 The Scientific Basis for Systematic Overviews 30.2.7 Systematic Overviews and Clinical Practice 30.2.8 Observational Methods 30.2.8.1 The Validity of Non-RCT 30.2.8.2 The Development of Measures of Case-Mix 30.2.8.3 Cross-Design Synthesis 30.3 Quantitative and Qualitative Assessments of Outcome 30.3.1 Questionnaires 30.3.2 Qualitative Research Methods 30.4 Health Needs Assessment 30.5 Economic Evaluation 30.5.1

Ana Teresa Torres entrega a los lectores una magnífica novela negra, tan poderosa y oscura como los seres que la habitan: Elvira Madigan, una psiquiatra canadiense que, arrastrada por una aventura pasional, recala en Caracas. Su hijo Tom, de visita en Venezuela, desaparece repentinamente, y Elvira, desesperada por la doble culpa, desplegará todas sus armas profesionales hasta dar con su paradero. Victoria Verrazano de Saudi, madre de Andrés, una exitosa abogada que vive atormentada por el suicidio de su hijo preferido. Susana Saudi, una mujer con un pasado incestuoso que mantiene una relación con Harry Haller y con el que fuera amante de su madre, mientras sus seres queridos mueren a su alrededor como si su amor fuera letal. Boris Salcedo, un comisario tan suspicaz como inepto... Una galería de personajes sombríos, cuyas vidas se cruzarán irremediablemente en este thriller psicológico urdido por aquellos sentimientos que anidan en las zonas más oscuras del alma.

Ana Teresa Torres entrega a los lectores una magnífica novela negra, tan poderosa y oscura como los seres que la habitan: Elvira Madigan, una psiquiatra canadiense que, arrastrada por una aventura pasional, recala en Caracas. Su hijo Tom, de visita en Venezuela, desaparece repentinamente, y Elvira, desesperada por la doble culpa, desplegará todas sus armas profesionales hasta dar con su paradero. Victoria Verrazano de Saudi, madre de Andrés, una exitosa abogada que vive atormentada por el suicidio de su hijo preferido. Susana Saudi, una mujer con un pasado incestuoso que mantiene una relación con Harry Haller y con el que fuera amante de su madre, mientras sus seres queridos mueren a su alrededor como si su amor fuera letal. Boris Salcedo, un comisario tan suspicaz como inepto... Una galería de personajes sombríos, cuyas vidas se cruzarán irremediablemente en este thriller psicológico urdido por aquellos sentimientos que anidan en las zonas más oscuras del alma.

Más de medio millón de lecturas en Wattpad ¿Puede un viaje a Miami cambiar tu vida para siempre? Itziar tiene dieciocho años y acaba de terminar sus estudios. Para celebrarlo, ha organizado un viaje a Miami con sus amigos, pero a su padre no le gusta la idea de que vayan solos, así que decide enviar a un adulto para que los supervise y se asegure de que se comportan como es debido. Cuando los jóvenes llegan al aeropuerto, Itziar se lleva una sorpresa: el adulto que los acompañará es Alexander, un joven soldado con el que ha estado manteniendo correspondencia durante años y del que está enamorada. ¿Cómo reaccionará Itziar ante su presencia?

"Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif critically analyzes civil-military relations and the way armies are constructed in divided societies. To achieve that, the book looks at four case studies with deep divisions and whose armed forces have been reconstructed after civil wars. Lebanon and Bosnia-Herzegovina represent two examples of consociational power-sharing arrangements with functioning armed forces that enjoy wide popular support and neutral in internal affairs. Iraq and Burundi, however, have semi-consociational provisions that have politicized the army and made it a partisan military that has either led to disintegration (as in the case of Iraq) or politicization and loss of legitimacy (as in Burundi)"-- Provided by publisher

"The development of Islamic landscapes in Europe, is first and foremost related to Islamic authority. Religious authority relies on persuasiveness and deals with issues of truth, authenticity, legitimacy, trust, and ethics with reference to religious matters. This study argues that Islamic authority-making among European Muslims is a social and relational practice that is much broader and versatile than theological proficiency and personal status. It can also be conferred to objects, activities, and events. The book explores various ways in which Islamic authority is being constituted among Muslims in Western Europe with a particular focus on the role of 'ordinary' Muslims"-- Provided by publisher

Un magnat des affaires dont les horribles secrets sexuels sont plus puissants que sa fortune.Une épouse dévouée, dont la santé qui périclite fera disparaître la bonté et la lumière dans sa famille.Une adolescente asociale aux aspirations qui font confondre désirs et réalité.Une prostituée maltraitée qui en a trop dit... Mais si toute cette histoire n’était en réalité qu’un leurre?Lorsque sa nourrice lui racontait l’histoire de Peau d’âne, le jeune Louis XIV était incapable de trouver le sommeil. Imaginez si on lui avait lu cette version revisitée, dans laquelle la jeune fille n’a rien de passif et d’ingénu comme celle du conte de Perreault... Oserez-vous ouvrir ce livre comme une porte sur l’inconnu, même s’il vous montre qu’il y a bien pire que de prendre la peau d’un animal ?

"This book offers a unique perspective on the colonial roots of modern science, technology, and medicine (STM) in South Asia. The book questions the deconstruction of imperial visions and definitions of science and modernity in South Asia. It presents an in-depth analysis of the contested relationship between science, modernity, and colonialism. It explores how new research can contribute to the diversification of perspectives in the history and sociology of modern South Asian studies. The chapters in the book delve into various aspects of STM in South Asia. It covers diverse topics, including the social, cultural, and pedagogic context of early modern Bengal, the popularization of science in colonial Punjab, the Hindi science periodical Vigyan, and the emergence of the Indian science community. The book also examines the intersection of indigenous medical practices, ayurveda, Unani, and medical revivalism and highlights peripheral creativity in science. The contributors engage with the existing historiography to raise new questions concerning the global circulations of scientific knowledge from the perspective of South Asia and the regional appropriation of the same. It connects the history of science and modernity with South Asia's socio-economic and cultural background. It offers valuable insights into the decolonization of STM. It greatly interests scholars and students of modern South Asian history, sociology, social anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society Studies (STS)"-- Back cover

St Olav's Church in Tønsberg in Viken (the area surrounding the Oslo Fjord in south-eastern Norway) burned along with most of the medieval town in 1536, the same year the Reformation was introduced to Norway. The church was never rebuilt, and its ruins were forgotten for centuries. When they were finally uncovered in the late nineteenth century, scholars realized that this was by far the largest round church built in medieval Scandinavia. Later excavations have revealed that this church was erected in the late twelfth century and became a part of a Premonstratensian foundation. However, the scarcity of written records has left many questions open for debate - such as the identity of the founder and the intentions behind its construction. The contributors to this anthology look at the material and textual evidence afresh, from different starting points and perspectives. Most importantly, St Olav's Church is seen in connection with both the introduction of the Hospitallers to Varna just across the Oslo Fjord, and with the other round churches or rotundas in Scandinavia. Several chapters discuss the foundation of the church in light of the political and religious context in Viken, as well as Norwegian participation in the crusading movement in the twelfth century, and in this way, the building of St Olav's Church can be seen as a monumental example of the attempts to imitate the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and associate the region with a holy topography. With the publication of Jerusalem in Viken: Crusading Ideology, Church-Building and Monasticism in South-Eastern Norway in the Twelfth Century, these important sites are presented to an international audience for the first time. The book will be useful to scholars - and the general reader - interested in round churches, the crusading movement, religious culture, the Premonstratensian order, and relations between Scandinavia and Europe in the Middle Ages

Food issues 食事. Interdisciplinary Studies on Food in Modern and Contemporary East Asia concentrates on the relationship among food, culture, literature, and language in a comparative, transcultural, or literary perspective. The contributions investigate these aspects from different approaches: historical, sociological, anthropological, religious, linguistic, and want to deepen issues such as the symbolic value of food; food as an essential element for the construction of individual identity and a sign of belonging to a community; food as an intercultural medium; food as language and the language of food. The articles included in the volume are organized in a Japanese and a Chinese section and use different approaches within humanities disciplines to explore topics ranging from classical and contemporary East Asian literature to present-day issues, focusing on Food Culture and its declinations.

1 vol. (95 p.) : 27 cm Autres tirages : 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015 Manuel : "Rue des contes CP, cycle 2 : Méthode de lecture. Livret 2". ISBN 2-210-65675-3 Cahier d'exercices : "Rue des contes CP, cycle 2 : Méthode de lecture. Cahier 1". ISBN 2-210-65676-1 Cahier d'exercices : "Rue des contes CP, cycle 2 : Méthode de lecture. Cahier 2". ISBN 2-210-65677-X Guide pédagogique : "Rue des contes CP, cycle 2 : Méthode de lecture. Guide du maître". ISBN 2-210-65678-8

Más de medio millón de lecturas en Wattpad ¿Puede un viaje a Miami cambiar tu vida para siempre? Itziar tiene dieciocho años y acaba de terminar sus estudios. Para celebrarlo, ha organizado un viaje a Miami con sus amigos, pero a su padre no le gusta la idea de que vayan solos, así que decide enviar a un adulto para que los supervise y se asegure de que se comportan como es debido. Cuando los jóvenes llegan al aeropuerto, Itziar se lleva una sorpresa: el adulto que los acompañará es Alexander, un joven soldado con el que ha estado manteniendo correspondencia durante años y del que está enamorada. ¿Cómo reaccionará Itziar ante su presencia?

Más de medio millón de lecturas en Wattpad ¿Puede un viaje a Miami cambiar tu vida para siempre? Itziar tiene dieciocho años y acaba de terminar sus estudios. Para celebrarlo, ha organizado un viaje a Miami con sus amigos, pero a su padre no le gusta la idea de que vayan solos, así que decide enviar a un adulto para que los supervise y se asegure de que se comportan como es debido. Cuando los jóvenes llegan al aeropuerto, Itziar se lleva una sorpresa: el adulto que los acompañará es Alexander, un joven soldado con el que ha estado manteniendo correspondencia durante años y del que está enamorada. ¿Cómo reaccionará Itziar ante su presencia?

Más de medio millón de lecturas en Wattpad ¿Puede un viaje a Miami cambiar tu vida para siempre? Itziar tiene dieciocho años y acaba de terminar sus estudios. Para celebrarlo, ha organizado un viaje a Miami con sus amigos, pero a su padre no le gusta la idea de que vayan solos, así que decide enviar a un adulto para que los supervise y se asegure de que se comportan como es debido. Cuando los jóvenes llegan al aeropuerto, Itziar se lleva una sorpresa: el adulto que los acompañará es Alexander, un joven soldado con el que ha estado manteniendo correspondencia durante años y del que está enamorada. ¿Cómo reaccionará Itziar ante su presencia?

Más de medio millón de lecturas en Wattpad ¿Puede un viaje a Miami cambiar tu vida para siempre? Itziar tiene dieciocho años y acaba de terminar sus estudios. Para celebrarlo, ha organizado un viaje a Miami con sus amigos, pero a su padre no le gusta la idea de que vayan solos, así que decide enviar a un adulto para que los supervise y se asegure de que se comportan como es debido. Cuando los jóvenes llegan al aeropuerto, Itziar se lleva una sorpresa: el adulto que los acompañará es Alexander, un joven soldado con el que ha estado manteniendo correspondencia durante años y del que está enamorada. ¿Cómo reaccionará Itziar ante su presencia?

Más de medio millón de lecturas en Wattpad ¿Puede un viaje a Miami cambiar tu vida para siempre? Itziar tiene dieciocho años y acaba de terminar sus estudios. Para celebrarlo, ha organizado un viaje a Miami con sus amigos, pero a su padre no le gusta la idea de que vayan solos, así que decide enviar a un adulto para que los supervise y se asegure de que se comportan como es debido. Cuando los jóvenes llegan al aeropuerto, Itziar se lleva una sorpresa: el adulto que los acompañará es Alexander, un joven soldado con el que ha estado manteniendo correspondencia durante años y del que está enamorada. ¿Cómo reaccionará Itziar ante su presencia?

"This book is specifically dedicated to film history's own history: It provides insights into the fabrication of film histories and the discourses on their materials and methods in the past in order to better understand and reconsider film history today. The interventions unpack unspoken assumptions and hidden agendas that determine film historiography until today, also with the aim to act as a critical reflection on the potential future orientation of the field. The edited volume proposes a transnational, entangled and culturally diverse approach towards an archaeology of film history, while paying specific attention to persons, objects, infrastructures, regions, institutional fields and events hitherto overlooked. It explores past and ongoing processes of doing, undoing and redoing film history. Thereby, in a self-reflective gesture, it also draws attention to our own work as film historians."-- Back cover

Más de medio millón de lecturas en Wattpad ¿Puede un viaje a Miami cambiar tu vida para siempre? Itziar tiene dieciocho años y acaba de terminar sus estudios. Para celebrarlo, ha organizado un viaje a Miami con sus amigos, pero a su padre no le gusta la idea de que vayan solos, así que decide enviar a un adulto para que los supervise y se asegure de que se comportan como es debido. Cuando los jóvenes llegan al aeropuerto, Itziar se lleva una sorpresa: el adulto que los acompañará es Alexander, un joven soldado con el que ha estado manteniendo correspondencia durante años y del que está enamorada. ¿Cómo reaccionará Itziar ante su presencia?

Más de medio millón de lecturas en Wattpad ¿Puede un viaje a Miami cambiar tu vida para siempre? Itziar tiene dieciocho años y acaba de terminar sus estudios. Para celebrarlo, ha organizado un viaje a Miami con sus amigos, pero a su padre no le gusta la idea de que vayan solos, así que decide enviar a un adulto para que los supervise y se asegure de que se comportan como es debido. Cuando los jóvenes llegan al aeropuerto, Itziar se lleva una sorpresa: el adulto que los acompañará es Alexander, un joven soldado con el que ha estado manteniendo correspondencia durante años y del que está enamorada. ¿Cómo reaccionará Itziar ante su presencia?

This is the first critical edition and study of a unique and important Muslim polemic against Christians and Jews. The Book of Disputation was written in Arabic by a Mudejar (subject Muslim living under Christian rule in late medieval Iberia) and offers new insight into the cultural and intellectual life of this Muslim minority. The text advances arguments drawn from natural philosophy—largely from Aristotle and Averroes—along with more traditional revealed sources such as the Qurʾān and the Bible. Mudejar communities suffered a diminution of religious and political intelligentsia over time. This text, however, highlights the author's particular conception of the world as the creation of God in his defense of Islam, demonstrates the vitality of intellectual life among Muslims in medieval Christian Iberia, and documents the continued cultivation of natural philosophy within these Muslim communities.

Neuroscience Fundamentals for Communication Sciences and Disorders, Second Edition is a comprehensive textbook primarily designed for undergraduate neural bases or graduate neuroscience courses in communication sciences and disorders programs (CSD). The text can also be used as an accessible go-to reference for speech-language pathology and audiology clinical professionals practicing in medical and rehab settings. Written with an engaging and conversational style, the author uses humor and analogies to explain concepts that are often challenging for students. Complemented by more than 400 visually rich and beautifully drawn full-color illustrations, the book emphasizes brain and behavior relationships while also ensuring coverage of essential neuroanatomy and neurophysiology in an integrative fashion. With a comprehensive background in the principles, processes, and structures underlying the workings of the human nervous system, students and practitioners alike, will be able to better understand and apply brain-behavior relationships to make appropriate clinical assessments and treatment decisions. Extending well beyond traditional neuroanatomy-based textbooks, this resource is designed to satisfy three major

"The notion of effortlessness is central to the self-understanding of the Tibetan contemplative tradition known as Dzogchen. This book explores this key notion from a variety of perspectives, highlighting the distinctive role it plays in the Dzogchen approach's doctrinal architecture and meditative programme. The book's focus is on the early development of the Dzogchen tradition, especially as codified in a set of hitherto unstudied commentaries by the 10th-century scholar and meditation master Nubchen Sangye Yeshe. A full annotated translation of the commentaries is provided, along with an edition of the Tibetan texts on facing pages"Спасибо издательству Brill и автору Дилану Эслеру за свободное распространение отличного издания.

This book provides a resource for mathematics teachers to understanding the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' (NCTM) standards and implementing these standards in their teaching. Five standards are overviewed: (1) number and operation; (2) algebra; (3) geometry; (4) measurement; and (5) data analysis and probability. Lesson plans are presented by content and demonstrate aspects of each standard. The last section of the book includes suggestions on how to develop your own lesson. (YDS)

Byzantium Triumphant is a detailed narrative of the wars of the Byzantine emperors, Nicephorus II Phocas, John I Tzimiskes and Basil II (the Bulgar Slayer). Byzantium Triumphant describes in detail the wars of the Byzantine emperors Nicephorus II Phocas, his nephew and assassin John I Tzimiskes, and Basil II. The operations, battles and drama of their various bitter struggles unfold, depicting the new energy and improved methods of warfare developed in the late tenth century. These emperors were at war on all fronts, fighting for survival and dominance against enemies including the Arab caliphates, Bulgars (Basil II was dubbed by later authors the Bulgar Slayer) and the Holy Roman Empire, not to mention dealing with civil wars and rebellions. Julian Romane's careful research, drawing particularly on the evidence of Byzantine military manuals, allows him to produce a gripping narrative underpinned by a detailed understanding of the Byzantine tactics, organization, training and doctrine. While essentially a military history, there is, inevitably with the Byzantine emperors, a healthy dose of court intrigue, assassination and political skullduggery too.

Zusammenfassung: In an era of rapid advancements, "Healthcare Management" explores the transformative journey of modern healthcare. This book covers a broad spectrum of topics, from the evolution of healthcare systems around the world and the epidemiological perspectives of healthcare management to the intricate aspects of health policy, planning, and economics. The book examines emerging trends in healthcare needs assessment, public-private partnerships, and evidence-based medicine, offering critical insights into modern management practices. Healthcare reforms are discussed with a focus on professional regulation, law and ethics. Gain insights into the latest scientific discoveries and research methodologies that are pushing the boundaries of what is possible in healthcare. Learn about the collaborative efforts that are accelerating medical breakthroughs and translating research into practice. Anticipate the future of healthcare with expert analyses on the integration of artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, telehealth, medical ethics, health services accreditation, organ transplant and patient-centered care models. "Healthcare Management" is an essential resource for healthcare professionals, administrators, academic administrators, teachers and students who are keen to stay ahead in a rapidly changing field. It provides the knowledge and tools to navigate the complexities of modern healthcare and drive meaningful improvements in patient care and system management, ultimately guiding readers towards establishing world-class healthcare systems and universities

The victory of Justinian, achieved after a lacerating war, put an end to the ambitious project conceived and implemented by Theoderic after his arrival in Italy: that of a new society in which peoples divided by centuries-old cultural barriers would live together in peace and justice, without renouncing their own traditions but respecting shared principles inspired by the values of civilitas. What did this great experiment leave to Europe and Italy in the centuries to come ? What were the survivals and the ruptures, what were the revivals of that world in early medieval society ? How did that past continue to be recounted and how did it interact with the present, especially in the decisive moment of the Frankish conquest of Italy ? This book aims to confront these questions, and it does so by exploring different themes, concerning politics and ideology, culture and literary tradition, law, epigraphy and archaeology

Ein Opfer. Zwei Mörder. Ein Verbrechen, das das gesamte Land schockiert. Zwei gewalttätige Ex-Häftlingen sind wieder auf freiem Fuß –und ein Polizist ist ihnen dicht auf den Fersen. Luke Delaney, der "die Londoner Verbrecherszene wie seine Westentasche kennt" (The Times) erzählt in diesem Roman von der Tat, aber auch von deren Nachwirkungen. 2005 begehen zwei Teenager in London ein so abscheuliches Verbrechen, dass das ganze Land geschockt und aufgebracht ist. Als die Leiche der vierzehnjährigen Abigail Riley in einem unterirdischen Bunker gefunden wird, macht sich DS Fraser Harvey auf die Jagd nach ihren Mördern – deren Brutalität nur noch von ihrer Naivität übertroffen wird. Elf Jahre später werden die jungen Mörder mit neuen Identitäten in ferne Länder umgesiedelt. Und der Fall lässt Harvey immer noch nicht los, er ist überzeugt, dass einer –oder beide –wieder töten werden. Harvey befürchtet, als Einziger den Tod weiterer Unschuldiger verhindern zu können, und muss sich entscheiden, wie weit er dafür zu gehen bereit ist – zu welchem Preis für ihn selbst und auch für all die anderen, deren Leben durch Abigails furchtbares Schicksal für immer verändert wurde. Was Leser:innen über Tödliche Teenager sagen: »Auf jeder Seite hat man das Gefühl, im Zentrum einer polizeilichen Ermittlung zu stehen.« –Daily Mail »Beängstigende Authentizität.« –The Sun »Süchtig machend ... fesselnd und spannend.« –Richmond Times-Dispatch »Dieses tolle Buch war mein erstes von Luke Delaney, der inzwischen einer meiner neuen Lieblingsautoren ist. Die Geschichte fesselt einen von Anfang an, und man liest weiter und weiß, dass man sie nie vergessen wird ... Ich vergebe selten 5-Sterne-Bewertungen. Aber bei diesem Buch? Auf jeden Fall!!!« –Amazon-Rezension ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ »... eine spannende Geschichte, die ich von Anfang bis Ende genossen habe ... Die Plot-Twists sorgen für Hochspannung ... Absolute Leseempfehlung." –Amazon-Rezension "Fantastisch geschrieben, düsterer Realismus vom Feinsten ... Ich war megagespannt, empfand Angst, Mitleid, Abscheu, Traurigkeit, eine absolute emotionale Achterbahnfahrt ... Ein großartiges Buch« –Amazon-Rezension ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ »... von Anfang an absolut fesselnd ... Kann sein nächstes Buch kaum erwarten ...« –Amazon-Rezension ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

The second edition of this popular text, updated throughout and now including Covid-19 and the 2020 presidential election and aftermath, introduces students to the research into conspiracy theories and the people who propagate and believe them. In doing so, Uscinski and Enders address the psychological, sociological, and political sources of conspiracy theorizing. They rigorously analyze the most current arguments and evidence while providing numerous real-world examples so students can contextualize the current debates. Each chapter addresses important current questions, provides conceptual tools, defines important terms, and introduces the appropriate methods of analysis. One for the MAGA morons.

"None of Candice's new friends believe that she really does have a dragon. But what will they think after Pets Day at school?"-- Provided by publisher

La infancia de una niña que trata de entender lo que ocurre a su alrededor mientras asiste al derrumbe del comunismo. «A partir de la historia de una casa, Corina Oproae cuenta la historia de una niña, la historia de una familia, la historia de un país que no es el nuestro pero podría serlo, y lo hace con agudeza, con precisión y con mucha ternura.» Bárbara Blasco «Con una voz luminosa y auténtica, Corina Oproae ha escrito una novela tierna y melancólica sobre el asombro de crecer y descubrir la vida en un país sin libertad.» Eva Cosculluela «Solo una escritora española nacida fuera de España podía ampliar los temas de nuestra tradición literaria: La casa limón narra, con la voz de una niña que se adentra en la adolescencia, los últimos años de dictadura en Rumanía.» Antonio Orejudo «La voz íntima y poética de Corina Oproae me atrapó y me mantuvo bajo el castillo de libros que la niña protagonista ha construido para resguardarse de un mundo que se desmorona.» Silvia Hidalgo Refugiada bajo la mesa y rodeada de libros en el comedor familiar, la niña protagonista de esta historia piensa que ha provocado la enfermedad de su padre sin querer. Él le había prometido que la libraría de cualquier dolor, porque conoce la magia de apropiárselos, y ella, que ha sufrido la picadura de una abeja en la nuca, cree que ha cumplido su promesa. Ahora el padre está convaleciente con sus tíos, porque la madre, que trabaja todo el día en el hospital, no puede cuidarlo, y la niña seguirá esperando noticias de él, incluso durante el verano que pasa con sus abuelos, en una Transilvania rural en la que perviven supersticiones y costumbres ancestrales. Tal vez todo se torció cuando la familia tuvo que trasladarse al nuevo bloque de viviendas y abandonar su casa limón. Entre restricciones y delaciones a la infame Securitate, ignoran que se acerca el fin de la dictadura en la Rumanía de los años ochenta. La casa limón cuenta los años de descomposición del régimen de Ceaușescu desde los ojos de una niña que trata de entender lo que ocurre a su alrededor, una novela lírica y emocionante sobre una infancia en Rumanía y la experiencia de la caída del comunismo en el seno de una familia de clase media que hace frente a sucesivas catástrofes íntimas. Una novela extraordinaria y singular en la literatura española, por su escritura precisa y evocadora, cruda y onírica, y por el testimonio de vivencias históricas de la Europa del Este.Autores : Corina Oproae

"잠 들어야만 입장 할 수 있는 독특한 마을. 그곳 에 들어온 잠든 손님들 에게 가장 인기 있는 곳 은, 온갖 꿈 을 한데 모아 판매 하는 '달러구트 의 꿈 백화점' 이다. 긴 잠 을 자는 사람들 은 물론이고, 짧은 낮잠 을 자는 사람들 과 동물들로 매일 매일 대성황 을 이룬다. 범상치 않은 혈통 의 주인장 '달러구트', 그리고 그 의 최측근 에서 일 하게 된 신참 직원 '페니', 꿈 을 만드는 제작자 '아가넵 코코', 그리고 베일 에 둘러싸인 비고 마이어스...등 이 등장 한다. '달러구트 꿈 백화점' 은 '무의식 에서만 존재 하는 꿈 을 정말 사고 팔 수 있을까?' 라는 기발한 질문 에 답 을 찾아 가며, 꿈 을 만드는 사람, 파는 사람, 사는 사람 의 비밀스런 에피소드 를 담고 있는 판타지 소설 이다. 텀블벅 펀딩 1812% 달성, 전자책 출간 즉시 베스트 셀러 1위 를 3주간 기록 하며 수많은 독자들 의 요청 으로 종이 책 으로 출간 하게 되었다." -- Yes24.com

Un magnat des affaires dont les horribles secrets sexuels sont plus puissants que sa fortune. Une épouse dévouée, dont la santé qui périclite fera disparaître la bonté et la lumière dans sa famille. Une adolescente asociale aux aspirations qui font confondre désirs et réalité. Une prostituée maltraitée qui en a trop dit... Mais si toute cette histoire n'était en réalité qu'un leurre? Lorsque sa nourrice lui racontait l'histoire de Peau d'âne, le jeune Louis XIV était incapable de trouver le sommeil. Imaginez si on lui avait lu cette version revisitée, dans laquelle la jeune fille n'a rien de passif et d'ingénu comme celle du conte de Perreault... Oserez-vous ouvrir ce livre comme une porte sur l'inconnu, même s'il vous montre qu'il y a bien pire que de prendre la peau d'un animal?

"Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif critically analyzes civil-military relations and the way armies are constructed in divided societies. To achieve that, the book looks at four case studies with deep divisions and whose armed forces have been reconstructed after civil wars. Lebanon and Bosnia-Herzegovina represent two examples of consociational power-sharing arrangements with functioning armed forces that enjoy wide popular support and neutral in internal affairs. Iraq and Burundi, however, have semi-consociational provisions that have politicized the army and made it a partisan military that has either led to disintegration (as in the case of Iraq) or politicization and loss of legitimacy (as in Burundi)"-- Provided by publisher

Table of Contents About the Authors Acknowledgments Introduction to the Second Edition Chapter 1: Math Modeling with 3D Prints Math Modeling for 3D Printing OpenSCAD OpenSCAD Basics Downloading OpenSCAD Editing the Models Math Background Simple “Blocky” Model Idiosyncrasies of OpenSCAD Creating Smoother Surfaces Limitations and Alternatives Making a Two-Sided Smooth Surface Creating Surfaces from an External Data File 3D Printing Slicing Programs Materials Layer Height Using Support and Infill Making a Print Stick Skirt and Brim Reorienting Models for Better Quality Vase Mode Printing Considerations Archives and Repositories Where to Learn More Teacher Tips Science Fair Project Ideas Summary Chapter 2: Light and Other Waves Physics and Math Background Principle of Superposition Basic Examples Point Sources and Plane Waves Wave Model Details Two Interacting Sources Diffraction and Interference Light Through One Slit The Double-Slit Experiment Diffraction Models Printing Considerations Where to Learn More Teacher Tips Science Fair Project Ideas More Wave Interaction Models Summary Chapter 3: Gravity Universal Gravitation Gravitational Potential Wells Earth-Moon System Model Algol Model Custom Gravity Well Models Orbits Halley’s Comet Orbit Model Inner Solar System Model Custom Orbits Printing Tips Where to Learn More Teacher Tips Science Fair Project Ideas Summary Chapter 4: Airfoils How Wings Work Flight Forces: Lift, Gravity, Drag, Thrust Chord, Camber, and Thickness Other Wing Features Sweep Taper Dihedral and Twist Control Surfaces Angle of Attack NACA Airfoils 3D Printable Models The NACA Four-Digit Series Math of the NACA Model The Camber Line The Thickness Equation Calculating the Wing Surface Curve Single Wing OpenSCAD Model Sting and Wings Model Measuring Lift Printing Suggestions Classic Airplanes Using NACA Airfoils Where to Learn More Visualizing Flow Building a Student Wind Tunnel Scaling a Model Teacher Tips Science Fair Project Ideas Summary Chapter 5: Simple Machines The Machines Inclined Plane and Wedge Inclined Plane Wedge Wedge and Inclined Plane Models Lever Class 1 Levers Class 2 and 3 Levers Screw Wheel and Axle Pulley Printing Suggestions Where to Learn More Teacher Tips Science Fair Project Ideas Summary Chapter 6: Plants and Their Ecosystems Botany Background Water Sunlight Nutrients Plant Communities The Mathematics of Plant Growth The Golden Ratio The Golden Angle Fibonacci Sequence Phyllotaxis The Models Desert Plants Tropical Jungle Plants Flowers Printing the Models Plant and Flower Models Jungle Plant Leaf Model Printing Suggestions Where to Learn More Teacher Tips Science Fair Project Ideas Summary Chapter 7: Molecules Chemistry Background The Periodic Table of the Elements Basic Orbital Shapes Assembling the Model The Carbon Atom: Hybridized Orbitals Carbon Atom Model Assembling the Carbon Atom Water Molecules The Water Molecule Model The Carbon Versus Water Molecule Model Crystals Water Ice Ice 1h Assembling an Ice 1h Molecule Ice 1c Assembling the Ice 1c Molecule Other Water Ice Structures Diamond Printing Suggestions Where to Learn More Teacher Tips Science Fair Project Ideas Summary Chapter 8: Trusses Engineering Background Why Triangular Structures? Forces on Planar (“2D”) Truss Members The Space (3D) Truss Tensegrity Structures The Models 2D Truss Model Printing the 2D Truss Tensegrity Structure Model Printing the Tensegrity Elements Assembling the 3-Rod Tensegrity Prism Hints for Assembling an Icosahedron Where to Learn More Teacher Tips Science Fair Project Ideas Summary Chapter 9: Gears Gears Gear Ratio Types of Gears Sprockets Gear Models Gear Set Model Planetary Gear Model Where to Learn More Teacher Tips Science Fair Project Ideas Summary A Few Last Words About Making Things Appendix: Links About the Authors Introduction Chapter 1: Math Modeling with 3D Prints Chapter 2: Light and Other Waves Chapter 3: Gravity Chapter 4: Airfoils Chapter 5: Simple Machines Chapter 6: Plants and Their Ecosystems Chapter 7: Molecules Chapter 8: Trusses Chapter 9: Gears Index