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upload/wll/ENTER/1 ebook Collections/Z - More books, UNSORTED Ebooks/1 - More books/Striking Distance - Bruce Lee and the Dawn of Martial Arts in America.epub
Striking Distance: Bruce Lee and the Dawn of Martial Arts in America Russo, Charles UNP - Nebraska; University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln [Nebraska, 2016
In the spring of 1959, eighteen-year-old Bruce Lee returned to San Francisco, the city of his birth, and quickly inserted himself into the West Coast’s fledgling martial arts culture. Even though Asian fighting styles were widely unknown to mainstream America, Bruce encountered a robust fight culture in a San Francisco Bay area that was populated with talented and trailblazing practitioners such as Lau Bun, Chinatown’s aging kung fu patriarch; Wally Jay, the innovative Hawaiian jujitsu master; and James Lee, the no-nonsense Oakland street fighter. Regarded by some as a brash loudmouth and by others as a dynamic visionary, Bruce spent his first few years back in America advocating a more modern approach to the martial arts and showing little regard for the damaged egos left in his wake. In the Chinese calendar, 1964 was the Year of the Green Dragon. It would be a challenging and eventful year for Bruce. He would broadcast his dissenting view before the first great international martial arts gathering and then defend it by facing down Chinatown’s young ace kung fu practitioner in a legendary behind-closed-doors high noon–style showdown. The Year of the Green Dragon saw the dawn of martial arts in America and the rise of an icon. Drawing on more than one hundred original interviews and an eclectic array of sources, __Striking Distance__ is an engrossing narrative chronicling San Francisco Bay’s pioneering martial arts scene as it thrived in the early 1960s and offers an in-depth look at a widely unknown chapter of Bruce Lee’s iconic life.
更多信息……
英语 [en] · EPUB · 2.6MB · 2016 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/upload/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 17483.912
48 部分匹配
lgli/0000046.rar
SPAM SPAM 0
西班牙语 [es] · RAR · 6.1MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save
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base score: 0.01, final score: 32.276814
lgli/0000044.rar
SPAM SPAM 0
西班牙语 [es] · RAR · 9.1MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save
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base score: 0.01, final score: 32.134464
lgli/0000045.rar
SPAM SPAM 0
西班牙语 [es] · RAR · 6.9MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save
❌ 这个文件可能有问题。
base score: 0.01, final score: 32.116867
lgli/07_Physics.pdf
الفيزياء 7 coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437 ه
Physics. Grade 7.
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阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 117.3MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save
❌ 这个文件可能有问题。
base score: 0.01, final score: 31.847391
lgli/Deleuze Postscript.rar
Postscript Gilles Deleuze Parallel Reading, 1992
original: Post-scriptum SUR LES SOCIÉTÉS DE CONTRÔLE
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英语 [en] · RAR · 1.1MB · 1992 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/zlib · Save
❌ 这个文件可能有问题。
base score: 0.01, final score: 31.522358
nexusstc/_\_\_\_/675d3f487829d910b0c18fa2e0883a14.pdf
\_\_\_\_ ____ 0
俄语 [ru] · PDF · 5.9MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 31.390873
nexusstc/Le guerre macedoniche/987e9be8ae903331e12f4368b3a2f32e.pdf
Le guerre macedoniche John Thornton Carocci, 2016
意大利语 [it] · PDF · 5.9MB · 2016 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11057.0, final score: 31.322697
nexusstc/Algebras and Representations MATH 3193/a2a355091ef0fb3d4a0059fdb6e059de.pdf
Algebras and Representations MATH 3193 Andrew Hubery lecture notes, version 6 Dec 2011, 2011
英语 [en] · PDF · 0.7MB · 2011 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11050.0, final score: 31.283543
lgli/REED(Douglas)-The_Battle_for_Rhodesia_(1966).djvu
The Battle for Rhodesia REED, Douglas HAUM, 1966
'This is a warning book about a coming Third World War.'
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英语 [en] · DJVU · 4.6MB · 1966 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/zlib · Save
❌ 这个文件可能有问题。
base score: 0.01, final score: 31.236013
nexusstc/Idelogía como Lenguaje/9d9c0a8160f94f92e2e96f383b1fd670.pdf
Idelogía como Lenguaje Theodor Adorno Taurus, 0
西班牙语 [es] · PDF · 7.3MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11057.0, final score: 31.174288
nexusstc/Massey products/a09d400b19c3562d3d03027b75140be8.pdf
Massey products Andrew Hubery lecture notes, version 10 May 2012, 2012
英语 [en] · PDF · 0.1MB · 2012 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 10050.0, final score: 31.135597
nexusstc/Apuntes de crecimiento económico/d765d24690efc79287bdf88f82a360f0.rar
Apuntes de crecimiento económico Sala i Martin 2nd, 0
西班牙语 [es] · RAR · 7.7MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11037.0, final score: 31.135597
nexusstc/Adli Tip/62e896be74fedb409a7dbea555411b3f.pdf
Adli Tip Sermet Koç İstanbul Tabip Odası, 2, 2011
土耳其语 [tr] · PDF · 11.3MB · 2011 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11057.0, final score: 31.120352
nexusstc/Fields and Galois Theory MATH5246/c275cb6f9232718c36bd6cecf8c68fb6.pdf
Fields and Galois Theory MATH5246 Andrew Hubery lecture notes, version 1 Apr 2011, 2011
英语 [en] · PDF · 0.7MB · 2011 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 31.120352
nexusstc/Notes on Fibre Bundles/dd677deaf3650e374a19b40bd6de96b6.pdf
Notes on Fibre Bundles Andrew Hubery lecture notes, version 4 Oct 2010, 2010
英语 [en] · PDF · 0.1MB · 2010 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 10050.0, final score: 31.120352
nexusstc/Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry/1a17082e23f5f7035047849ed5f24be8.pdf
Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry Andrew Hubery lecture notes, version 10 May 2012, 2012
英语 [en] · PDF · 1.3MB · 2012 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 31.115543
nexusstc/EL PROBLEMA DE LA EMIGRACIÓN EN GALICIA/1baa8996e98c5e28033a1534dc5e28b7.pdf
EL PROBLEMA DE LA EMIGRACIÓN EN GALICIA Ricardo Mella 0
西班牙语 [es] · PDF · 0.2MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11045.0, final score: 31.06398
nexusstc/Son Hattatlar/29f7a4314fa9ec6a4c5817ccafddae3a.pdf
Son Hattatlar İbnülemin Mahmud Kemal İnal 0
土耳其语 [tr] · PDF · 51.8MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 31.06398
nexusstc/Teoria da argumentação juridica/9aa834808e538f424598e6c01c261ae0.pdf
Teoria da argumentação juridica Robert Alexy Landy, 0
葡萄牙语 [pt] · PDF · 18.6MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11057.0, final score: 31.06398
nexusstc/الكيمياء للصف الثاني العلمي: الفصل الدراسي الأول/0a30936f09777dfa9eefd797dff053e4.pdf
الكيمياء للصف الثاني العلمي: الفصل الدراسي الأول coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437
Chemistry for the Second Advanced Grade: the First Academic Semester.
更多信息……
阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 16.8MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 31.051937
nexusstc/The career of John Howard Duke of Norfolk 1420-1485/157001a6702a107491d1e7d1cf8da45d.pdf
The career of John Howard Duke of Norfolk 1420-1485 Anne Crawford University of London, Bedford College, 1975
John Howard, c. 1423 - 1485, baron Howard and first duke of Norfolk, was one of the most important men of the Yorkist period and this is an attempt to place his career within the political, economic and social framework of his time. He was a consistently loyal supporter of the Yorkists from the late 1450s until his death at Bosworth and an indefatigable royal servant, active in the military field, as an agent of the crown at home in East Anglia, as a councillor at Westminster and as an ambassador who became England's leading envoy to France. In return for this service he received grants of both offices and lands, culminating in the dukedom of Norfolk (to whose lands he was co-heir through his mother), given him by Richard III as a bid for his support following the usurpation; a bargain Howard accepted and honoured. Coming from substantial Suffolk gentry, he remained essentially a local man rather than a courtier, unlike most of his influential contemporaries who were all either related to, or close personal friends of, the king. Howard?s own affinity, as far as may be judged, were either relations by blood or marriage or local Suffolk men. He was an extremely capable business man, with many contacts among the merchant class and besides building up his estates, much augmented by the crown, he became one of the largest shipowners in the country and consequently a very rich man. Several volumes of his financial memoranda survive for the years 1461 - 1471 and 1481 - 1483, and illustrate almost every aspect of his full life as one of the most diligent and versatile royal servants of the period.
更多信息……
英语 [en] · PDF · 31.3MB · 1975 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 31.051937
nexusstc/الرياضيات للصف الاول العلمي: الفصل الدراسي الأول/787a9754b45174b639e2de9726fe06d6.pdf
الرياضيات للصف الاول العلمي: الفصل الدراسي الأول coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437
Mathematics for the First Advanced Grade: the First Academic Semester.
更多信息……
阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 10.5MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 31.051937
nexusstc/Giuliano l’Apostata/82134bdd363e024da6c98ef9c4f3105e.pdf
Giuliano l’Apostata Corrado Barbagallo Formiggini, 1912
意大利语 [it] · PDF · 3.2MB · 1912 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11057.0, final score: 31.051937
nexusstc/الرياضيات للصف الثاني الإبتدائي: الفصل الدراسي الأول/f7497f23049d765f8665dd9281a3e5c4.pdf
الرياضيات للصف الثاني الإبتدائي: الفصل الدراسي الأول coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437
Mathematics for the Second Beginner Grade: the First Academic Semester.
更多信息……
阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 21.1MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 31.051937
nexusstc/Storia degli strumenti musicali/159a74f1ed813d1789598dd27787aeb0.pdf
Storia degli strumenti musicali Anthony Baines Rizzoli, 1983
意大利语 [it] · PDF · 18.9MB · 1983 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11057.0, final score: 31.011818
nexusstc/Hoş Sada/1a0fc8ff5e36cd8ddb0bd3f913f2724a.pdf
Hoş Sada İbnülemin Mahmud Kemal İnal 0
土耳其语 [tr] · PDF · 11.5MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 31.011818
nexusstc/الكيمياء للصف الأول العلمي: الفصل الدراسي الأول/ab7462090e2f6a1d281ab39d0c4d4962.pdf
الكيمياء للصف الأول العلمي: الفصل الدراسي الأول coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437
Chemistry for the First Advanced Grade: the First Academic Semester.
更多信息……
阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 12.1MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 31.011818
nexusstc/الرياضيات للصف الثاني العلمي: الفصل الدراسي الأول/a496f9189c937129b1a2b04c426556f6.pdf
الرياضيات للصف الثاني العلمي: الفصل الدراسي الأول coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437
Mathematics for the Second Advanced Grade: the First Academic Semester.
更多信息……
阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 16.0MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 31.011818
nexusstc/Notes on the octahedral axiom/65159a5de74afb5e6d19933c02d506c7.pdf
Notes on the octahedral axiom Andrew Hubery lecture notes, version 7 Apr 2008, 2008
英语 [en] · PDF · 0.1MB · 2008 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 10050.0, final score: 31.003878
nexusstc/Leadership for Health Professionals/03d8f8646ecdcdcc605b2737c5abb16d.pdf
Leadership for Health Professionals Ledlow 0
英语 [en] · PDF · 12.3MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 30.915718
nexusstc/Notes on Morita Equivalence/0f89adb0209c740d35e0c7b16e0ebc37.pdf
Notes on Morita Equivalence Andrew Hubery lecture notes, version 19 Mar 2010, 2010
英语 [en] · PDF · 0.1MB · 2010 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 10050.0, final score: 30.915718
nexusstc/Notes on Beilinson’s Theorem/316cdf2629114a39a460acbc340adb96.pdf
Notes on Beilinson’s Theorem Andrew Hubery lecture notes, version 24 Jun 2010, 2010
英语 [en] · PDF · 0.1MB · 2010 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 10050.0, final score: 30.915718
nexusstc/GREEK GODS AND HEROES/08db30e4e910e0a492b1120b9885f318.pdf
GREEK GODS AND HEROES A. Fairbanks Houghton Mifflin, 1915
英语 [en] · PDF · 5.7MB · 1915 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11062.0, final score: 30.904627
nexusstc/Son Sadrazamlar-Cilt3/6247cca2595907eccef871065b78240e.pdf
Son Sadrazamlar-Cilt3 III İbnülemin Mahmud Kemal İnal III
土耳其语 [tr] · PDF · 97.7MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11052.0, final score: 30.904627
nexusstc/Matematyka/3dd37fb7a9d589b7d4f6ab6f6c4e5a5b.pdf
Matematyka Włodzimierz Wrona Studium Zaoczne Politechniki Warszawskiej, 3, 1960
波兰语 [pl] · PDF · 155.3MB · 1960 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11057.0, final score: 30.904627
nexusstc/Η Νέα Ουτοπία - Μετάφραση Παπαδιαμάντης/3ddea1486d6f2758c75be3876e6705b7.pdf
Η Νέα Ουτοπία - Μετάφραση Παπαδιαμάντης Jerome K.Jerome ΑΡΜΟΣ, 1996
ΛΕΊΠΟΥΝ ΣΕΛΙΔΕΣ
更多信息……
希腊语 [el] · PDF · 0.8MB · 1996 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 30.904627
nexusstc/الرياضيات للصف الرابع الابتدائي: الفصل الدراسي الأول/4dff95ba02d0b6a2c0be5f5bb2d5565a.pdf
الرياضيات للصف الرابع الابتدائي: الفصل الدراسي الأول coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437
Mathematics for the Fourth Beginner Grade: the First Academic Semester.
更多信息……
阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 4.9MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 30.904627
nexusstc/Son Asır Türk Şairleri - I/947e7f7f5c11b556eabf23bd0ab80849.pdf
Son Asır Türk Şairleri - I I İbnülemin Mahmud Kemal İnal I
土耳其语 [tr] · PDF · 80.6MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 30.904627
nexusstc/الرياضيات للصف الأول المتوسط: الفصل الدراسي الأول/c2bf1654ccbf4c3ae09b5525d0438e57.pdf
الرياضيات للصف الأول المتوسط: الفصل الدراسي الأول coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437
Mathematics for the First Intermediate Grade: The First Academic Semester.
更多信息……
阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 6.8MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 30.904627
nexusstc/Les incipit des poèmes français antérieurs au XVIe siècle/0060de8d7ddeaf408a42df6278078a03.pdf
Les incipit des poèmes français antérieurs au XVIe siècle Arthur Långfors Honoré Champion, 1917
répertoire bibliographique, établi à l’aide de notes de Paul Meyer
更多信息……
法语 [fr] · PDF · 25.7MB · 1917 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 30.8667
nexusstc/GREEK STUDIES - A SERIES OF ESSAYS/65ec66843d7645eaf091ca3788cc216d.pdf
GREEK STUDIES - A SERIES OF ESSAYS Walter Pater 1914
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4035
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英语 [en] · PDF · 11.0MB · 1914 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11063.0, final score: 30.8667
nexusstc/الرياضيات للصف الثاني المتوسط: الفصل الدراسي الأول/de9cf408aca7bc257849b73a7f11795c.pdf
الرياضيات للصف الثاني المتوسط: الفصل الدراسي الأول coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437
Mathematics for the Second Intermediate Grade: the First Academic Semester.
更多信息……
阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 9.3MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 30.8667
nexusstc/Gençlerle Başbaşa/e8c276e78604ec94ba4e1fea42c923a7.pdf
Gençlerle Başbaşa Ali Fuad Başgil Education, 0
土耳其语 [tr] · PDF · 13.5MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 30.8667
nexusstc/Matematyka cześć III/11d02d572f69088d60559d5d9ff60497.pdf
Matematyka cześć III Tadeusz Trajdos WNT, Podręcznik Akademicki Elektronika, 1974
Książka zawiera wykład geometrii analitycznej na płaszczyźnie i w przestrzeni wraz z teorią wektorów, wyznaczników i macierzy, elementy geometrii różniczkowej i analizy wektorowej oraz podstawowe wiadomości z algebry. Materiał teoretyczny jest ilustrowany licznymi przykładami i rysunkami. Zamieszczono też wiele zadań (z odpowiedziami) do samodzielnego rozwiązania. Książka jest podręcznikiem dla studentów wydziałów elektroniki wyższych szkół technicznych. Mogą z niego również korzystać studenci i inżynierowie innych specjalności.
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波兰语 [pl] · PDF · 188.9MB · 1974 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 30.851124
nexusstc/الكيمياء للصف الثاني متوسط: الفصل الدراسي الأول/42c6819c2aff9a7ed89cd8f359d833e0.pdf
الكيمياء للصف الثاني متوسط: الفصل الدراسي الأول coll. طبعة ابتدائيّة, 1437
Chemistry for the Second Intermediate Grade: the First Academic Semester.
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阿拉伯语 [ar] · PDF · 4.7MB · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 30.851124
nexusstc/Algebras and Representations MATH 3193 2016/e92d3daaa97b8bbecd80ae69d4df9db0.pdf
Algebras and Representations MATH 3193 2016 Alison Parker, Oliver King lecture notes, version 21 Oct 2016, 2016
英语 [en] · PDF · 0.5MB · 2016 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11050.0, final score: 30.851124
nexusstc/Invasion and revolution: France and Florence in 1494/174989fe0a3eab530de569cab727b808.pdf
Invasion and revolution: France and Florence in 1494 William Harrison Fredlund Stanford University, 1988
In the fall of 1494, the king of France led a military expedition to Italy for the purpose of claiming his rights to the kingdom of Naples. The size and power of the army caught all Italy unprepared, and in the ensuing turmoil a number of governments within the Italian peninsula were permanently changed. The Florentine Republic found itself in an especially exposed situation in front of the advancing army because of its strategic position astride the peninsula and because its leader, Piero de' Medici, had guided Florence into declared opposition to the French king. The explosive encounter between the army and the relatively defenseless republic led to a revolution in which Piero de' Medici was removed from power on November 9, 1494. It is the intent of this study to examine the relationship between the invasion and the revolution with special interest in the leadership of the two men, King Charles VIII and Piero de' Medici. Previous accounts have relied too heavily upon biased witnesses such as Philippe de Commynes, and it is the object here to see both leaders in new perspectives and thereby to establish a better understanding of the causality of the invasion and revolution. In addition, the reaction to these events by contemporaries as well as later Florentine historians will be examined.
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英语 [en] · PDF · 16.8MB · 1988 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 30.846464
nexusstc/Ledit in Middle French: Textual function and grammaticalization/20e8e917292f4c3528de6b7fbb92ac04.pdf
Ledit in Middle French: Textual function and grammaticalization Jesse Mortelmans Universiteit Antwerpen, 2009
This thesis offers an analysis of the nature and evolution of the determiner ledit [the aforesaid] in Middle French prose texts. In Middle French (XIVth-XV th century), the anaphoric expression ledit was a genuine determiner. Its use was not restricted to legal jargon (as was the case in Old French and is the case today), and it actually occurred as a determiner in a wide variety of Middle French prose texts. The purpose of this research is to examine the function and the development of ledit in relation to the definite article le and to the different paradigms of the demonstrative determiner. The corpus consists of XIV th and XVth century French chronicle texts. Recent studies on ledit in Modern French have identified this referring expression as a purely anaphoric device determining secondary discourse participants in less salient grammatical functions. However, analysis of the use of ledit in Middle French chronicles reveals that its function is to highlight primary discourse participants in salient grammatical functions, and leads to the conclusion that (i) the use of ledit, despite its explicitly anaphoric sense, exhibits aspects of both definite articles and demonstrative determiners; and (ii) the use of ledit appears to evolve in a way similar to the grammaticalization process of definite determiners. To explain why ledit appeared so frequently in Middle French prose texts, I will draw an analogy with the situation in Late Latin (IInd-VIth centuries): both languages feature a frequent use of metalinguistic determiners (i.e. determiners of the type the aforesaid) at some point in their otherwise rather similar grammaticalization processes of the determiners. Initially, the metalinguistic determiners fulfilled a concrete, circumscribed task within the paradigm of the determiners. The reanalyses of the paradigms of the demonstrative determiners in both languages, however, led to a more frequent use of the metalinguistic determiners (in a wider range of contexts). As a result, the metalinguistic determiners grammaticalized into more common referential determiners in both Late Latin and Middle French, until the reanalysis process of the demonstrative determiners was completed and made their use redundant.
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英语 [en] · PDF · 16.0MB · 2009 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 30.846464
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