This volume provides an in-depth study of tribal life in the Near East in the 19th century, exploring how tribes shaped society, economy and politics in the desert, as well as in villages and towns. Until the First World War Near Eastern society was tribally organized. Particularly in the Levant and the Arabian peninsula, where the Ottoman empire was weak, large and powerful tribes such as Anaze, Beni Sakhr and Shammar interacted and competed for control of the land, the people and the economy. The main sources for this study are travel accounts of 19th century adventurers and explorers. Their travels, on horseback, on camel or on foot opened a fascinating window on a world with an ideology that was fundamentally different from their own, often Victorian background. One chapter is dedicated to oral traditions in the region, from heroic epics to short poems, which lets the tribes and tribe members themselves speak, giving a voice to the tribal frame of mind. Evidence of tribal organization as a driving force in society can be found in documents and sometimes in the archaeological record from the Bronze Age onwards. While a straight comparison between ancient and subrecent tribal communities is fraught with difficulties and must be treated with caution, a better understanding of 19th century tribal ethics and customs provides useful insights into the history and the power relations of a more distant past. At the same time it may help us understand some of the underlying causes for the present conflicts afflicting the region.

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lgli/Near Eastern Tribal Societies d - Eveline van der Steen.pdf

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van der Steen, Eveline;

Equinox Publishing Ltd

Taylor and Francis

Routledge

Approaches to anthropological archaeology, Sheffield, Bristol, CT, England, 2013

Taylor & Francis (Unlimited), Hoboken, 2014

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

1, PS, 2005

1, 2014

producers:
Acrobat Distiller 7.0 (Windows)

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Includes bibliographical references and index.

Until the First World War, Near Eastern society was tribally organised. In the Levant and the Arabian peninsula, where the Ottoman empire was weak, large and powerful tribes such as the Anaze, Beni Sakhr and Shammar competed for control of the land, the people and the economy. This in-depth study explores the history, archaeology and anthropology of tribal society, economy and politics in the villages, towns and deserts of the Near East in the nineteenth century. Drawing on a wide range of historical accounts from travellers, adventurers and explorers as well as archaeological evidence, the book sheds new light on tribal life and tribal organisation as a driving force in Near Eastern society. While a straight comparison between ancient and more recent tribal communities must be treated with caution, the book shows how a better understanding of nineteenth-century tribal ethics and customs provides useful insights into the history and power relations of the more distant past and the underlying causes for the present conflicts of the region. The book is an important addition to new research on Bedouin life and culture and will be of interest to historians, archaeologists, anthropologists and scholars of the Near East

Cover 1
Half Title 2
Title Page 4
Copyright Page 5
Dedication 6
Table of Contents 8
Acknowledgements 10
Introduction 12
1 What is a tribe? 20
2 Travellers in the Levant during the nineteenth century 37
3 The dynamics of territorial and power structures 57
4 Oral traditions 75
5 Tribal society and its relation to the landscape 99
6 Tribal institutions 124
7 Relations between the tribes and the state 148
8 From tribe to tribal state: three case studies 167
9 The economy of tribal societies 185
10 Ethnicity and the sense of belonging 210
11 Women in tribal societies 235
12 Religion and folklore 254
13 Back in time: historical parallels 273
Notes 289
References 299
Index 312

First Published in 2014. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

2023-01-28