This edited collection deals with the structure-property relationships and biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives in different fields. Readers will detailed overview of the preparatory methods involved in the derivatives of carboxymethyl chitosan and its interaction with metal ions.
The chapters provide a detailed overview of the different types of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives, including the preparatory methods involved, the interactions with metal ions, and the antimicrobial activities. These different forms of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives are found to be potentially used in food packaging, in enhancing saltiness, as biosensors, and also as wound dressing. Chapters are also devoted to the fabrication and biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives-based nanofibers as well as the interaction of carboxymethyl chitosan with blood in blood clotting and the underlying mechanism. Contributing authors additionally explore topics related to carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels, films, scaffolds, fibers, and composites. Finally, this volume presents the current challenges in developing biomedical products based on carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives.
This book will be of interest not only to chemists, but to all scientists working in the fields of material/environmental science, biological science, and biomaterials. These chapters are great resources for any researcher who works with structure-property relationships, biological interactions, and the applications of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives in different biomedical fields.

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R. Jayakumar

(Infix Pro)

Springer Nature, Cham, 2023

Switzerland, Switzerland

producers:
3-HeightsTM PDF Toolbox API 6.12.0.6 (http://www.pdf-tools.com)

Cover 1
Advances inPolymerScience Series: Volume 292 2
Multifaceted Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives: Properties and Biomedical Applications 4
Copyright 5
Preface 6
Contents 7
Introductory Aspects of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives 9
Contents 9
Abstract 9
1. Introduction 10
2. Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of CMC Derivatives 11
2.1 Preparation of CMC Derivatives 11
2.2 Characterization of Various CMC Derivatives 13
3. Properties of CMC 14
3.1 Physicochemical Properties of CMC 14
3.2 Biological Properties of CMC 15
4. Applications of CMC 17
5. Conclusion 21
References 22
Preparation of Different Types of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives 27
Contents 27
Abstract 27
1. Introduction 28
2. Preparation of Different Types of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives 29
2.1 Synthesis of O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (O-CMC) 29
2.2 Synthesis of N-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (N-CMC) 29
2.3 Synthesis of N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (N,O-CMC) 30
2.4 Synthesis of N, N-Dimethyl Carboxymethyl Chitosan (N, N-dCMC) 31
2.5 Synthesis of N-Carboxybutyl Chitosan (N-CBC) 32
2.6 Synthesis of N-Carboxyethyl Chitosan 33
2.7 Synthesis of N-Succinyl Chitosan 33
2.8 Synthesis of O-Succinyl Chitosan 34
3. Conclusion 35
References 35
Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives and Its Interaction with Metal Ions 39
Contents 39
Abstract 39
1. Introduction 40
1.1 Chitosan 40
1.2 Chitosan Derivatives 40
1.3 Carboxymethyl Chitosan 41
1.4 Heavy Metals and Its Toxicity 41
2. Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan 43
3. CMCS Interactions with Various Metal Ions 44
3.1 CMCS Interaction with Divalent Metal Ions 44
3.1.1 CMCS Interactions with Ni(II) and Cu(II) 44
3.1.2 CMCS Interactions with Zn(II), Pb(II), Co(II), Sr(II), and Hg(II) 45
3.2 CMCS Interactions with Higher Valance Metal Ions 46
4. Conclusions and Perspective 47
References 49
Antimicrobial Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives and Its Composites 53
Contents 53
Abstract 53
1. Introduction 54
2. Antibacterial Activity of CMC 56
3. Antifungal Activity of CMC 60
4. Conclusion 62
References 62
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Hydrogels 67
Contents 67
Abstract 67
1. Introduction 68
2. Synthesis of CMCS-Based Hydrogels 69
2.1 CMCS-Based Physical Hydrogels 69
2.1.1 Hydrogen Bonding 71
2.1.2 Freeze-Thawing 72
2.1.3 Ionotropic Gelation 72
2.2 CMCS-Based Chemical Hydrogels 73
2.2.1 Grafting 73
2.2.2 Free-Radical Polymerization 74
2.2.3 Enzymatic Reaction 74
2.2.4 Condensation Reaction 75
3. Properties of CMCS-Based Hydrogels 77
3.1 Morphology 77
3.2 Self-healing Behaviors 79
3.3 Antibacterial Activities 80
3.4 Mechanical Properties 81
3.5 Swelling Performance 82
3.6 Stimuli Sensitivity 83
4. Applications of CMCS-Based Hydrogels 84
4.1 Drug Delivery 84
4.2 Tissue Engineering 86
4.3 Wound Dressing 87
5. Conclusion and Perspectives 88
References 90
Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Biosensing Applications 97
Contents 97
Abstract 97
1. Introduction 98
2. Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan 99
3. Biosensing Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan 100
4. Future Approaches 108
5. Conclusion 110
References 111
Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Blood Clotting 117
Contents 117
Abstract 117
1. Introduction 118
2. Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives 119
3. Applications of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Hemostasis 119
3.1 Hydrogel 121
3.2 Sponges 124
3.3 Cryogel 126
3.4 Microspheres 127
3.5 Membranes 128
4. Conclusion 128
References 129
Electrospinning of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives-Based Nanofibers and Its Applications 133
Contents 133
Abstract 133
1. Introduction 134
2. Electrospinning 135
3. Applications of Electrospun CMC Nanofibers 136
3.1 Drug Delivery 136
3.2 Wound Healing 137
3.3 Tissue Engineering 139
3.4 Other Applications 141
4. Conclusion 142
References 142
Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Materials in Packaging, Food, Pharmaceutical, and Cosmetics 147
Contents 147
Abstract 148
1. Introduction 149
1.1 Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan 152
1.1.1 Synthesis of Different Types of Carboxymethyl Chitosan 152
1.2 Physicochemical Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan 154
1.2.1 Degree of Substitution 154
1.2.2 Yield 155
1.2.3 Solubility 155
1.2.4 Crystallinity 156
1.2.5 Particle Size 158
1.2.6 Molecular Weight 160
1.2.7 Functional Groups 161
1.2.8 Mechanical Properties Test 166
1.2.9 Water Vapor Transmission Rate 166
2. Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Packaging Applications 169
2.1 Antimicrobial Activity 169
2.2 In Vitro Cytotoxicity 173
2.3 Anti-Fogging 175
2.4 Coating 176
2.5 Composite Films 178
3. Use of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in the Food Industry 183
3.1 Functional Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Application in Food 183
3.2 Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Different Food Commodities 185
4. Use of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Pharmaceutics 188
4.1 Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Formulations for Drug Delivery 188
4.2 Potential Applications of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Fields 193
5. Use of Carboxymethyl Chitosan in Cosmetics 196
5.1 Moisture Retention and Adsorption 196
5.2 Antimicrobial Activity 197
5.3 Antioxidant Activity 198
6. Biodegradation 198
7. Summary and Future Prospective 200
References 201
Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Derivatives in Diagnosis and Targeting 213
Contents 213
Abstract 213
1. Introduction 214
2. CMC-Based Derivatives in Targeted Drug Delivery 214
2.1 Tumor-Specific Drug Delivery 216
2.1.1 pH-Dependent Drug Delivery 217
2.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Drug Delivery 218
2.1.3 Charge Inversion Response Conjugate 219
2.1.4 CMC-Drug Conjugates 220
2.1.5 CMC-Modified with Graphene Oxide (GO) 220
2.1.6 CMC-Iron Oxide Nanocarrier 220
2.1.7 CMC Coated with Gold (Au) NPs 221
2.2 Organ-Specific Drug Delivery 221
2.2.1 Intestine-Targeted Drug Delivery 221
2.2.2 Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery 221
2.2.3 Ocular-Targeted Drug Delivery 222
2.2.4 Liver-Targeted Drug Delivery 223
3. CMC-Based Derivatives in Diagnosing 224
3.1 As a Nuclear Imaging Agent 224
3.2 As a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agent 224
3.3 As Biosensors 226
3.4 As Chemoradiotherapy Agents 226
3.5 As Phosphate-Detecting Agents 227
4. Conclusion 227
References 229
Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Drug and Vaccine Delivery: An Overview 233
Contents 233
Abstract 233
1, Introduction 234
2. Modification of Chitosan 235
3. Bioactive Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan 237
3.1 Antitumor Activity 238
3.2 Antimicrobial Activity 238
3.3 Tissue Regeneration and Wound Healing Activity 239
4. Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Drug Delivery 240
5. Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Adjuvant and Vaccine Delivery 248
5.1 Mucosal Immunization 248
5.2 Systemic Immunization 255
6. Conclusion 256
References 257
Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Tissue Engineering 265
Contents 265
Abstract 265
Abbreviations 266
1. Introduction 266
2. Carboxymethyl Chitosan Characteristics, Performance, and Production Associated with Tissue Engineering 270
2.1 Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives to Promote Tissue Engineering 272
3. Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Derivatives for Tissue Repair/Regeneration 275
4. Carboxymethyl Chitosan an Derivatives Associated with Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering 278
5. Innovations and Advances in Carboxymethyl Chitosan Modifications for Tissue Engineering 281
6. Conclusion 282
References 283
Functionalized Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Wound Healing 289
Contents 289
Abstract 289
1. Introduction 290
2. Use of CMCS in Wound Healing 292
2.1 Current Therapies in Wound Healing 292
2.2 Biological Effects of CMCS on Wound Healing 293
2.3 Adhesive CMCS Hydrogels 293
2.4 Self-Healing Gels 295
3. Applications of CMCS as Wound Dressing Materials 297
3.1 Antioxidant and Natural Additive Formulated CMCS 297
3.2 Fiber Mats 298
3.3 Growth Factor Delivery 299
3.4 Antibacterial Activity 300
3.5 Nano-Additives and Dermal Delivery 302
3.6 Composites 305
3.7 Conjugates 310
4. Summary 312
References 313

2023-11-25