1929 年,斯大林启动了农业集体化政策,这实际上是俄国第二次革命,迫使数百万农民离开土地,转入集体农场。结果造成了一场灾难性的饥荒,这是欧洲历史上最致命的饥荒。1931 年至 1933 年间,苏联至少有 500 万人死亡。但苏联政府没有提供救济,而是利用这场灾难来摆脱政治问题。在《红色饥荒》一书中,安妮·阿普尔鲍姆认为,死者中有 300 多万是乌克兰人,他们之所以死亡,并不是因为他们是糟糕政策的意外受害者,而是因为政府故意杀害他们。阿普尔鲍姆证实了人们长期以来的怀疑:在一系列叛乱扰乱了乌克兰省份后,斯大林开始消灭乌克兰农民。国家封锁了共和国的边境,没收了所有可用的粮食。饥荒迅速蔓延,人们什么都吃:草、树皮、狗、尸体。在某些情况下,他们为了食物而互相残杀。《红色饥荒》令人震惊且具有决定性,它捕捉到了普通人在极端邪恶的环境中挣扎求生的恐惧。

Red Famine : Stalin's War on Ukraine

Applebaum, Anne

Anne Applebaum

Bantam Doubleday Dell Books for Young Readers

Random House, Incorporated

Penguin Random House LLC

Delacorte Press

First United States edition., New York City, USA, New York State, 2017

United States, United States of America

Includes bibliographical references (pages 363-434) and index.

"From the author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning Gulag and the National Book Award finalist Iron Curtain, a revelatory history of one of Stalin's greatest crimes--the consequences of which still resonate today In 1929 Stalin launched his policy of agricultural collectivization--in effect a second Russian revolution--which forced millions of peasants off their land and onto collective farms. The result was a catastrophic famine, the most lethal in European history. At least five million people died between 1931 and 1933 in the USSR. But instead of sending relief the Soviet state made use of the catastrophe to rid itself of a political problem. In Red Famine, Anne Applebaum argues that more than three million of those dead were Ukrainians who perished not because they were accidental victims of a bad policy but because the state deliberately set out to kill them. Applebaum proves what has long been suspected: after a series of rebellions unsettled the province, Stalin set out to destroy the Ukrainian peasantry. The state sealed the republic's borders and seized all available food. Starvation set in rapidly, and people ate anything: grass, tree bark, dogs, corpses. In some cases, they killed one another for food. Devastating and definitive, Red Famine captures the horror of ordinary people struggling to survive extraordinary evil. Today, Russia, the successor to the Soviet Union, has placed Ukrainian independence in its sights once more. Applebaum's compulsively readable narrative recalls one of the worst crimes of the twentieth century, and shows how it may foreshadow a new threat to the political order in the twenty-first."--Provided by publisher.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • A revelatory history of one of Stalin's greatest crimes, the consequences of which still resonate today, as Russia has placed Ukrainian independence in its sights once more—from the author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning Gulag and the National Book Award finalist Iron Curtain.'With searing clarity, Red Famine demonstrates the horrific consequences of a campaign to eradicate'backwardness'when undertaken by a regime in a state of war with its own people.'—The EconomistIn 1929 Stalin launched his policy of agricultural collectivization—in effect a second Russian revolution—which forced millions of peasants off their land and onto collective farms. The result was a catastrophic famine, the most lethal in European history. At least five million people died between 1931 and 1933 in the USSR. But instead of sending relief the Soviet state made use of the catastrophe to rid itself of a political problem. In Red Famine, Anne Applebaum argues that more than three million of those dead were Ukrainians who perished not because they were accidental victims of a bad policy but because the state deliberately set out to kill them. Devastating and definitive, Red Famine captures the horror of ordinary people struggling to survive extraordinary evil. Applebaum's compulsively readable narrative recalls one of the worst crimes of the twentieth century, and shows how it may foreshadow a new threat to the political order in the twenty-first.

In 1929 Stalin Launched His Policy Of Agricultural Collectivization--in Effect A Second Russian Revolution--which Forced Millions Of Peasants Off Their Land And Onto Collective Farms. The Result Was A Catastrophic Famine, The Most Lethal In European History. At Least Five Million People Died Between 1931 And 1933 In The Ussr. But Instead Of Sending Relief The Soviet State Made Use Of The Catastrophe To Rid Itself Of A Political Problem. In Red Famine, Anne Applebaum Argues That More Than Three Million Of Those Dead Were Ukrainians Who Perished Not Because They Were Accidental Victims Of A Bad Policy But Because The State Deliberately Set Out To Kill Them ...--provided By Publisher. Introduction: The Ukrainian Question -- The Ukrainian Revolution, 1917 -- Rebellion, 1919 -- Famine And Truce: The 1920s -- The Double Crisis: 1927-9 -- Collectivization: Revolution In The Countryside, 1930 -- Rebellion, 1930 -- Collectivization Fails, 1931-2 -- Famine Decisions, 1932: Requisitions, Blacklists And Borders -- Famine Decisions, 1932: The End Of Ukrainization -- Famine Decisions, 1932: The Searches And The Searchers -- Starvation: Spring And Summer, 1933 -- Survival: Spring And Summer, 1933 -- Aftermath -- The Cover-up -- The Holodomor In History And Memory -- Epilogue: The Ukraine Question Reconsidered. Anne Applebaum. Includes Bibliographical References (pages [363]-434) And Index.

2025-02-24