1945年,苏联控制着半个欧洲,并且是联合国创始成员国之一。到1991年,它拥有一支四百万大军和五千枚核弹头导弹,是世界第二大石油生产国。但此后不久,这个联盟陷入经济危机,并被民族分离主义撕裂。它的解体是二十世纪最重大的转变之一。三十年后,弗拉季斯拉夫·祖博克(Vladislav Zubok)对苏联解体的最后几年提出了重要的重新解读,驳斥了苏联秩序崩溃不可避免的观点。相反,祖博克揭示了戈尔巴乔夫旨在现代化和民主化苏联的错误改革,如何剥夺了政府的资源并助长了分离主义。《崩溃》(Collapse) 这本书为俄罗斯民主民粹主义、波罗的海国家争取独立的斗争、苏联财政危机以及威权国家权力的脆弱性提供了新视角。

V M Zubok, (Vladislav Martinovich)

San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

Brandywine River Museum

Yale University Press

Mariners' Museum, The

United States, United States of America

New Haven, USA, 2021

1, 2021

<B>A major study of the collapse of the Soviet Union—showing how Gorbachev’s misguided reforms led to its demise</B><BR /><BR />In 1945 the Soviet Union controlled half of Europe and was a founding member of the United Nations. By 1991, it had an army four-million strong, five-thousand nuclear-tipped missiles, and was the second biggest producer of oil in the world. But soon afterward the union sank into an economic crisis and was torn apart by nationalist separatism. Its collapse was one of the seismic shifts of the twentieth century.<BR /> <BR />Thirty years on, Vladislav Zubok offers a major reinterpretation of the final years of the USSR, refuting the notion that the breakup of the Soviet order was inevitable. Instead, Zubok reveals how Gorbachev’s misguided reforms, intended to modernize and democratize the Soviet Union, deprived the government of resources and empowered separatism. <I>Collapse</I> sheds new light on Russian democratic populism, the Baltic struggle for independence, the crisis of Soviet finances—and the fragility of authoritarian state power.

"A major study of the collapse of the Soviet Union--showing how Gorbachev's misguided reforms led to its demise. In 1945 the Soviet Union controlled half of Europe and was a founding member of the United Nations. By 1991, it had an army four-million strong, five-thousand nuclear-tipped missiles, and was the second biggest producer of oil in the world. But soon afterward the union sank into an economic crisis and was torn apart by nationalist separatism. Its collapse was one of the seismic shifts of the twentieth century. Thirty years on, Vladislav Zubok offers a major reinterpretation of the final years of the USSR, refuting the notion that the breakup of the Soviet order was inevitable. Instead, Zubok reveals how Gorbachev's misguided reforms, intended to modernize and democratize the Soviet Union, deprived the government of resources and empowered separatism. Collapse sheds new light on Russian democratic populism, the Baltic struggle for independence, the crisis of Soviet finances--and the fragility of authoritarian state power."-- Provided by publisher

“They've finally got rid of him, that windbag.”

2025-07-28