Visionary quests to return to the Garden of Eden have shaped Western Culture. This book traces the idea of rebuilding the primeval garden from its origins to its latest incarnations and offers a bold new way to think about the earth.

lgli/D:\!genesis\library.nu\af\_132626.af3ce65a7953b88dd708091bd037ed88.pdf

lgrsnf/D:\!genesis\library.nu\af\_132626.af3ce65a7953b88dd708091bd037ed88.pdf

nexusstc/Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in Western Culture/af3ce65a7953b88dd708091bd037ed88.pdf

zlib/Biology and other natural sciences/Ecology/Caroly Merchant/Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in Western Culture_930866.pdf

Merchant, Carolyn

Ashgate Publishing Limited

Taylor & Francis Group

Taylor & Francis Ltd

Gower Publishing Ltd

Routledge

Taylor & Francis (Unlimited), New York, 2003

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

ISSR Library, New York, 2003

ISSR library, 2007

New York, 2004

PS, 2003

до 2011-01

lg506299

producers:
Acrobat Distiller 6.0 (Windows)

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BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 3
COPYRIGHT......Page 4
DEDICATION......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
ILLUSTRATIONS......Page 9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 11
ONE A Garden Planet......Page 13
TW0 The Fall from Eden Eden......Page 22
THE CHRISTIAN NARRATIVE......Page 23
THE MODERN NARRATIVE......Page 30
THE ROLE OF GENDER......Page 33
STEWARDSHIP VERSUS DOMINION......Page 34
ENVIRONMENTALIST AND FEMINIST NARRATIVES......Page 36
FEMINIST NARRATIVES......Page 40
COMPARING THE NARRATIVES......Page 46
THREE Recovering the Garden......Page 49
GREEK AND ROMAN NARRATIVES......Page 50
NARRATIVES OF DECLINE......Page 51
NARRATIVES OF PROGRESS......Page 53
ROMAN AND CHRISTIAN STORIES CONVERGE......Page 55
DANTE’S FALL AND SALVATION NARRATIVE......Page 56
EVE AS THE FALL, MARY AS THE RECOVERY......Page 61
THE VIRGIN MARY AS GARDEN......Page 64
MILLENARIAN OPTIMISM......Page 66
EDEN MAPPED AND EXPLORED......Page 67
RECREATING THE EARTHLY EDEN......Page 69
CONCLUSION......Page 73
FOUR From Wilderness to Civilization......Page 74
TRANSFORMING THE EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT......Page 75
FROM WILDERNESS TO CIVILIZATION......Page 76
THE STATE OF NATURE......Page 78
THE DECAY OF NATURE......Page 79
THE SACRED THEORY OF THE EARTH......Page 80
FRANCIS BACON’S RECOVERY NARRATIVE......Page 81
THE MECHANICAL WORLDVIEW......Page 84
PARADISE AND PROPERTY......Page 86
JOHN LOCKE’S CIVIL SOCIETY......Page 87
PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE RECOVERY OF EDEN......Page 89
ADAM SMITH’S CAPITALIST NARRATIVE......Page 91
THE ROOTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION......Page 92
THE EMERGENCE OF WILDERNESS APPRECIATION......Page 94
CONCLUSION......Page 96
NEW WORLD EDENS......Page 99
HEROIC AGENTS......Page 103
CARVING OUT A COASTAL EDEN......Page 105
POSSESSING THE INLAND EDEN......Page 106
THE AMERICAN ADAM......Page 108
THE REINVENTED EDEN......Page 109
THE RECOVERY NARRATIVE IN ARTS AND LETTERS......Page 111
THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT......Page 115
THE RAPE OF NATURE......Page 117
IRRIGATED EDENS......Page 118
CONCLUSION......Page 120
SIX Eve As Nature......Page 122
“VIRGIN” NATURE TRANSFORMED......Page 124
VIRGIN LAND INTO FRUITFUL FIELD......Page 128
FROM NATURE TO CIVILIZATION......Page 131
ROMANTIC NATURE......Page 137
NATURE CONSERVED, MANAGED, AND PRESERVED......Page 141
NATURE AND MEN......Page 146
CONCLUSION......Page 147
SEVEN Colonizing Eden......Page 149
INDIANS AND EDEN......Page 150
INDIANS INTO FARMERS......Page 152
EDUCATING INDIANS......Page 153
INDIANS AND WILDERNESS......Page 155
BLACKS AND EDEN......Page 158
RESISTING SLAVERY......Page 160
ENVIRONMENTALISM AND AFRICAN AMERICANS......Page 162
COLONIZED EDENS......Page 166
CONCLUSION......Page 167
EIGHT Eden Commodified......Page 169
CONSUMER’S NATURE......Page 170
BIOTECHNOLOGY......Page 172
GENOMES......Page 175
EVOLUTION......Page 179
MALE GARDENERS AND FEMALE GARDENS......Page 182
CONCLUSION......Page 186
NINE Earth in Recovery......Page 188
ENVIRONMENTAL DECLINE......Page 190
ENVIRONMENTAL NARRATIVES......Page 192
FEMINIST NARRATIVES......Page 196
POSTMODERN CRITIQUES......Page 199
REALITY......Page 201
CONCLUSION......Page 203
TEN Order Out of Chaos......Page 205
CHALLENGES TO CLASSICAL SCIENCE......Page 206
NEW SCIENCES......Page 208
CHAOS THEORY......Page 211
COMPLEXITY THEORY......Page 213
ECOLOGY......Page 215
GAIA......Page 217
CONCLUSION......Page 219
ENVIRONMENTAL PARTNERSHIPS......Page 222
PARTNERSHIP ETHICS......Page 224
HEARING NATURE’S VOICE......Page 225
NATURE AS A PARTNER AT THE TABLE......Page 227
HISTORICAL ROOTS OF A PARTNERSHIP ETHIC......Page 229
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERSHIPS......Page 231
DESIGN WITH NATURE......Page 234
PROBLEMS WITH PARTNERSHIP......Page 237
PARTNERSHIP AND NARRATIVE......Page 238
A NEW STORY......Page 240
EPILOGUE......Page 242
NOTES......Page 244
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 287
INDEX......Page 308

Education, Politics & IR, Sociology & Social Policy
BOOK COVER 1
HALF-TITLE 2
TITLE 3
COPYRIGHT 4
DEDICATION 6
CONTENTS 7
ILLUSTRATIONS 9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 11
ONE A Garden Planet 13
TW0 The Fall from Eden Eden 22
THE CHRISTIAN NARRATIVE 23
THE MODERN NARRATIVE 30
THE ROLE OF GENDER 33
STEWARDSHIP VERSUS DOMINION 34
ENVIRONMENTALIST AND FEMINIST NARRATIVES 36
FEMINIST NARRATIVES 40
COMPARING THE NARRATIVES 46
THREE Recovering the Garden 49
THE MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT 50
GREEK AND ROMAN NARRATIVES 50
NARRATIVES OF DECLINE 51
NARRATIVES OF PROGRESS 53
ROMAN AND CHRISTIAN STORIES CONVERGE 55
DANTE’S FALL AND SALVATION NARRATIVE 56
EVE AS THE FALL, MARY AS THE RECOVERY 61
THE VIRGIN MARY AS GARDEN 64
MILLENARIAN OPTIMISM 66
EDEN MAPPED AND EXPLORED 67
RECREATING THE EARTHLY EDEN 69
CONCLUSION 73
FOUR From Wilderness to Civilization 74
TRANSFORMING THE EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT 75
FROM WILDERNESS TO CIVILIZATION 76
THE STATE OF NATURE 78
THE DECAY OF NATURE 79
THE SACRED THEORY OF THE EARTH 80
FRANCIS BACON’S RECOVERY NARRATIVE 81
THE MECHANICAL WORLDVIEW 84
PARADISE AND PROPERTY 86
JOHN LOCKE’S CIVIL SOCIETY 87
PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE RECOVERY OF EDEN 89
ADAM SMITH’S CAPITALIST NARRATIVE 91
THE ROOTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 92
THE EMERGENCE OF WILDERNESS APPRECIATION 94
CONCLUSION 96
FIVE Adam As Hero 99
NEW WORLD EDENS 99
HEROIC AGENTS 103
CARVING OUT A COASTAL EDEN 105
POSSESSING THE INLAND EDEN 106
THE AMERICAN ADAM 108
THE REINVENTED EDEN 109
THE RECOVERY NARRATIVE IN ARTS AND LETTERS 111
THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT 115
THE RAPE OF NATURE 117
IRRIGATED EDENS 118
CONCLUSION 120
SIX Eve As Nature 122
“VIRGIN” NATURE TRANSFORMED 124
VIRGIN LAND INTO FRUITFUL FIELD 128
FROM NATURE TO CIVILIZATION 131
ROMANTIC NATURE 137
NATURE CONSERVED, MANAGED, AND PRESERVED 141
NATURE AND MEN 146
CONCLUSION 147
SEVEN Colonizing Eden 149
INDIANS AND EDEN 150
INDIANS INTO FARMERS 152
EDUCATING INDIANS 153
INDIANS AND WILDERNESS 155
BLACKS AND EDEN 158
RESISTING SLAVERY 160
ENVIRONMENTALISM AND AFRICAN AMERICANS 162
COLONIZED EDENS 166
CONCLUSION 167
EIGHT Eden Commodified 169
CONSUMER’S NATURE 170
BIOTECHNOLOGY 172
GENOMES 175
EVOLUTION 179
MALE GARDENERS AND FEMALE GARDENS 182
CONCLUSION 186
NINE Earth in Recovery 188
ENVIRONMENTAL DECLINE 190
ENVIRONMENTAL NARRATIVES 192
FEMINIST NARRATIVES 196
POSTMODERN CRITIQUES 199
REALITY 201
CONCLUSION 203
TEN Order Out of Chaos 205
CHALLENGES TO CLASSICAL SCIENCE 206
NEW SCIENCES 208
CHAOS THEORY 211
COMPLEXITY THEORY 213
ECOLOGY 215
GAIA 217
CONCLUSION 219
ELEVEN Partnership 222
ENVIRONMENTAL PARTNERSHIPS 222
PARTNERSHIP ETHICS 224
HEARING NATURE’S VOICE 225
NATURE AS A PARTNER AT THE TABLE 227
HISTORICAL ROOTS OF A PARTNERSHIP ETHIC 229
IMPLEMENTING PARTNERSHIPS 231
DESIGN WITH NATURE 234
PROBLEMS WITH PARTNERSHIP 237
PARTNERSHIP AND NARRATIVE 238
A NEW STORY 240
EPILOGUE 242
NOTES 244
BIBLIOGRAPHY 287
INDEX 308

In her challenging book, environmental historian Merchant (The Death of Nature) attempts to put the current ecological crisis into perspective by examining historical thoughts regarding the loss of Eden and attempts to recover it. One idea is rooted in the scientific revolution of the 17th century: this optimistic scenario asserts that Eden can be regained by re-creating the garden through suburbs, malls and bioengineered food. A more recent idea, embraced by environmentalists, simply states that the earth is in a long decline from Eden in its pristine state. Some colonists thought the New World was already an Eden. Others saw it as a land that needed to be converted into an Eden so its natural resources could be harvested as profitable commodities. In the latter scenario, the fallen Adam redeems himself by becoming the heroic American Adam who transforms nature a female object, or Eve into a fruitful garden. Merchant points out the flaws in many of these Garden of Eden narratives: the first scenario, for example, leads to a totally artificial world and ignores the fact that we can't dominate nature because it is chaotic, complex and unpredictable. Merchant proposes a new narrative in which men, women and the earth work together, giving the needs of nature equal weight with the needs of humans. Unfortunately, her proposals for cooperation between corporations, communities, government agencies and environmental groups are not original. Coming after her penetrating treatment of the historical narratives, this part of the book is disappointing. Yet she covers a wealth of information and sheds light on the thinking of generations of scientists, philosophers and environmentalists

Reinventing Eden Traces The Garden Of Eden Myth From The Mesopotamian Regions Where Agriculture - And The Creation Myth - First Began, Through The Greek And Roman Empires, The Enlightenment, And The Modern Capitalist World. With Eloquence And Insight, Merchant Shows How The Drive To Conquer Nature, And To Explore And Settle The Globe, Springs From This Utopian Pastoral Impulse. Time And Again, Human Manipulation Of The Environment Is Our Downfall: Eden Is Achieved By Fencing Off Pristine Beauty In National Parks And Wildlife Preserves, While Leaving The Majority Of The Earth In Ruins.--jacket. A Garden Planet -- The Fall From Eden -- Recovering The Garden -- From Wilderness To Civilization -- Adam As Hero -- Eve As Nature -- Colonizing Eden -- Eden Commodified -- Earth In Recovery -- Order Out Of Chaos -- Partnership. Carolyn Merchant. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 277-292) And Index.

"Reinventing Eden traces the Garden of Eden myth from the Mesopotamian regions where agriculture - and the creation myth - first began, through the Greek and Roman empires, the Enlightenment, and the modern capitalist world. With eloquence and insight, Merchant shows how the drive to conquer nature, and to explore and settle the globe, springs from this utopian pastoral impulse.
Time and again, human manipulation of the environment is our downfall: Eden is achieved by fencing off pristine beauty in national parks and wildlife preserves, while leaving the majority of the Earth in ruins."--BOOK JACKET.

2011-06-04