Cover 1
Title 4
Copyright 5
Dedication 6
CONTENTS 8
List of figures 11
List of tables 12
Preface 13
Abbreviations and glossary 14
1 Introduction 16
Place in the canon and the interpretative context of Numbers 16
History of scholarship 18
Main problems with the current state of Pentateuchal and Numbers research 23
Social processes and scholarship 26
Towards a new interpretation 29
The literary structures of Numbers as part of Genesis–Joshua 31
Legal backgrounds and implementation 48
Textual issues 50
Date, provenance and historicity 51
Message of the book and reading Numbers today 55
2 Commentary 68
Departure from Sinai (1:1–10:36) 68
Preparations for departure (1:1–10:10) 68
Census of the first (Exodus) generation (1:1–54) 68
Arrangement of the camp (2:1–34) 73
Priests and Levites (3:1–4:49) 76
Exclusions from the camp (5:1–4) 87
Interlude I: miscellaneous laws/instruction (5:5–6:27) 89
Cultic actions and regulations (7:1–9:14) 98
Accoutrements during the march through the wilderness (9:15–10:10) 112
Departure (10:11–36) 116
Departure (10:11–28) 116
Moses’s brother-in-law (10:29–32) 118
The ark (10:33–36) 119
Between Sinai and Moab (11:1–22:1) 121
Rebellion and punishment (11–14) 121
People’s rebellion, help for Moses, quail and plague (11) 122
Miriam and Aaron’s rebellion and Miriam’s leprosy (12) 126
Spies sent, with rebellion and punishment of the first generation at Kadesh (13–14) 129
Interlude III: miscellaneous laws (15) 137
Further rebellion: Korah, Dathan and Abiram’s rebellion against Moses and Aaron, their punishment and the confirmation of Aaron’s primacy (16–17) 141
Interlude IV: priestly matters, purification (18–19) 148
Generational shift and departure towards the promised land by the second generation (20–21) 155
Kadesh, death of Miriam (20:1) 156
Water from the rock, the punishment of Moses and Aaron (20:2–13) 157
From Kadesh on, past Edom (20:14–21) 160
Kadesh to Hor, death of Aaron (20:22–29) 162
King of Arad (21:1–3) 164
The bronze serpent (21:4–9) 165
Northwards past Wadi Arnon, arrival at Moab (21:10–20) 167
Defeat of Sihon and Og (21:21–35) 168
At Moab (22:1–36:13) 170
Balaam (22–24) 171
Rebellion (via idolatry) at Baal Peor (25) 179
Census of the second (conquest) generation (26) 182
Land divisions I: daughters of Zelophehad and female heirs I (27:1–11) 186
Joshua to succeed Moses (27:12–23) 188
Interlude V: regular offerings and vows (28–30) 190
Offerings on various calendar-based occasions (28–29) 191
Vows (30) 197
Vengeance on Midian (31) 199
Reuben and Gad settle in Gilead (32) 204
Summary of journey from Sinai to Moab (33:1–49) 211
Yahweh’s command to destroy the indigenous peoples of Canaan (33:50–56) 214
Land divisions II (34–36) 216
Boundaries of the land (34) 216
Levitical towns and towns of refuge (35) 219
Daughters of Zelophehad and female heirs II (36) 224
Bibliography 234
Select commentaries on Numbers 234
Selection of other works 234
Author and subject index 246
Index of archaeological and related sites 251
Index of references to the Bible and other ancient sources 252

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2024-06-27