Abstract: This report presents the objectives, methodology, procedures and main findings of the OECD project "Strengthening public finance capacity for green investments in the EECCA countries". Between 2016-19, the project aimed to help set the partner countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova) on a sustainable path of development by reducing the energy and carbon intensity of their economies. Working with the relevant ministry in each country, the project designed public investment programmes in line with good international practices. These programmes sought to address key objectives of the countries' environmental and climate-related policies. The Clean Public Transport Programmes focus specifically on reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the target sector, primarily in large urban areas. They aim to demonstrate how to use scarce public funds to encourage private sector investment in projects that generate significant environmental and socio-economic benefits alike

nexusstc/Promoting Clean Urban Public Transportation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova: Summary Report of Project Implementation 2016-2019/8b0b5b6608b9bc20f4286d79a6752f79.pdf

lgrsnf/fcb6c9de-en.pdf

zlib/Business & Economics/Mathematical Economics/Oecd/Promoting Clean Urban Public Transportation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova: Summary Report of Project Implementation 2016-2019_5492908.pdf

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD

OECD Publishing

Place of publication not identified, 2019

International NGO Publishers, France

lg2517422

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Foreword 5
Acknowledgements 7
Abbreviations and acronyms 13
Executive summary 17
Moving forward on energy-efficient local transport 17
Findings 17
Potential obstacles to implementation 19
Recommendations 19
Conclusions 19
Note 20
1. Country programme preparation and implementation 21
1.1. Common features of the projects 22
1.1.1. Project rationale and focus identification 22
1.1.2. Analytical work and main outputs 24
1.2. Country-specific project implementation 26
1.2.1. Kazakhstan 26
1.2.2. Moldova 27
1.2.3. Kyrgyz Republic 27
Notes 29
References 31
2. Description of green public investment programmes and their costing methodologies 33
2.1. Green public investment programmes 34
2.1.1. Objectives and main elements 34
2.1.2. Approach to costing of the environmental programmes 36
2.1.3. Determining the optimal subsidy level 37
2.1.4. Financing requirements, options and sources 39
2.2. OPTIC model 41
2.2.1. Overall structure and use of the OPTIC model 43
2.2.2. Potential future use of the OPTIC model 44
2.2.3. Training toolkit 45
2.2.4. Exercises 45
2.2.5. Software tools 46
2.2.6. Participants 46
2.3. Examples of good practices 46
2.3.1. Austria 48
2.3.2. Czech Republic 49
2.3.3. Poland 52
2.4. Conclusions 53
Notes 54
References 55
3. Summary of the main findings and observations from the country-level analyses and training workshops 57
3.1. Kazakhstan 58
3.1.1. Transport sector and air pollution assessment 58
3.1.2. Programme analysis 59
3.1.3. Programme implementation and institutional map 61
3.1.4. Main obstacles and opportunities 63
3.2. Moldova 64
3.2.1. Transport sector and air pollution assessment 64
3.2.2. Programme analysis 65
3.2.3. Programme implementation and institutional map 69
3.2.4. Main obstacles and opportunities 70
3.3. Kyrgyzstan 71
3.3.1. Transport sector and air pollution assessment 71
3.3.2. Programme analysis 72
3.3.3. Programme implementation and institutional map 75
3.3.4. Main obstacles and opportunities 77
3.4. Conclusions 78
Notes 79
References 84
4. Key conclusions and policy recommendations 87
4.1. Domestic and international green finance 88
4.2. Creating policy framework for green investments 88
4.3. Key recommendations for programme implementation 89
4.3.1. Strengthen institutions that prepare and implement programmes 89
4.3.2. Strengthen technical regulations in transport 90
4.3.3. Introduce adequate pricing signals 91
4.3.4. Increase support to producers of clean buses 91
4.3.5. Adjust the fare system for urban public transport 92
4.3.6. Improve inter-ministerial co-operation in implementation of the transport strategy 93
4.3.7. Change public tenders for providing public transport in urban centres 94
4.3.8. Encourage energy efficiency in public transport 95
4.4. Conclusions 95
Notes 96
References 97

2020-05-05