reached full definition in the 1940s by Kempner diet. The important role of adrenal aldosterone and associates in demonstrating the beneficial ef secretion in supporting human hypertension is now fects of a low salt rice diet for treating hypertensive well recognized as are the beneficial effects of patients. It became apparent that the value of rice blockade, especially in low-renin patients who ex was wholly related to its sodium content. A rice hibit inappropriate or absolute excesses of aldoste diet, or any other stringent low sodium diet, rone secretion. Further definition of the more sub greatly improves or completely corrects the hyper tle participation of aldosterone and of the factors tension of about ~ or so of all patients with essen that control aldosterone secretion in hypertensive subjects are promising areas for further research. tial hypertension. However, what is often forgotten is that little or no benefit accrues to the remaining THE NERVOUS SYSTEM majority of patients. Parallel studies of animal models has demon Besides the endocrine and excretory functions of strated the amplifying effect of a high sodium diet the kidney and the influence of dietary sodium on blood pressure and vice versa. Strains of rats and of aldosterone secretion, there has been long were developed which are especially sensitive to standing agreement about the important role of the pressor effects of a high sodium diet. In a way, the nervous system in blood pressure control.
Erscheinungsdatum: 10.10.2011

lgrsnf/A:\Springer\bok%3A978-1-4612-5899-5.pdf

nexusstc/Frontiers in Hypertension Research/7ad258047b7a4638ca3f7fba1139516f.pdf

zlib/Medicine/John H. Laragh (auth.), John H. Laragh M.D., Fritz R. Bühler M.D., Donald W. Seldin M.D., M.A.C.P. (eds.)/Frontiers in Hypertension Research_2246734.pdf

Springer

Springer London, Limited

Springer US

United States, United States of America

Springer Nature, New York, NY, 2012

New York, NY, 1981

N, New York, 1981

1, 2011

lg1077769

{"edition":"1","isbns":["1461258995","1461259010","9781461258995","9781461259015"],"last_page":628,"publisher":"Springer New York"}

Front Matter....Pages i-xxxix
Frontiers in Hypertension Research: Past, Present and Future Introduction....Pages 1-5
Front Matter....Pages 7-7
Position Paper: The Variation in Risk Among Hypertensive Patients: Is Broad Scale Therapy to Help Only a Few Justifiable? What Pressure Levels Should Be Treated....Pages 9-14
Interpretation of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program....Pages 15-16
Implications of Framingham Study Data for Treatment of Hypertension: Impact of Other Risk Factors....Pages 17-21
Factors Affecting Morbidity and Mortality and the Risk Factor Concept....Pages 22-23
Australian Therapeutic Trial in Mild Hypertension....Pages 24-28
Treatment of Borderline and Mild Hypertension: The Oslo Study....Pages 29-34
Front Matter....Pages 35-35
Position Paper: Dietary Sodium and Human Hypertension....Pages 37-42
Sodium Deprivation as an Approach to Hypertension....Pages 43-45
Sodium and Other Dietary Factors in Experimental and Human Hypertension: The Japanese Experience....Pages 46-48
Metabolic Risks of Diuretic Therapy....Pages 49-53
Sodium and Blood Pressure: A New Zealand Study....Pages 54-57
Blood Pressure in Sodium Fed Humans....Pages 58-61
Adverse Effects of Diuretic Therapy....Pages 62-68
Front Matter....Pages 69-69
Position Paper: Sodium Metabolism: The Sodium-Potassium Membrane Pump and Volume Overload Hypertension....Pages 71-80
Erythrocyte Sodium Extrusion in Primary Hypertension....Pages 81-83
Sodium Countertransport and Co-Transport in Human Red Cell Membranes....Pages 84-86
Cellular Basis of Sodium-Induced Hypertension....Pages 87-90
Alteration of Cell Membrane Control over Intracellular Calcium in Essential Hypertension and in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats....Pages 91-93
A Circulating Sodium Transport Inhibitor in Essential Hypertension....Pages 94-101
Front Matter....Pages 103-103
Position Paper: Regulation of Blood Pressure by Prostaglandin-Kinin Interactions....Pages 105-113
Prostaglandins in Human Hypertension: Relationships to Renin, Sodium, and Antihypertensive Drug Action....Pages 114-118
Interaction of Kinins and Renal Prostaglandins....Pages 119-121
Front Matter....Pages 123-123
Position Paper: The Concept of Whole Body Autoregulation and the Dominant Role of the Kidneys for Long-term Blood Pressure Regulation....Pages 125-134
Regulation of Renal Blood Flow by Chloride....Pages 135-138
Action of Angiotensin II on Renal Blood Flow and Urinary Sodium Excretion....Pages 139-140
Neural Regulation of Renal Function....Pages 141-142
Renal Perfusion and Vascular Reactivity in Essential Hypertension....Pages 143-147
Does Hypertension Develop Through Long-term Autoregulation?....Pages 148-156
Front Matter....Pages 157-157
Position Paper: Vasoconstriction and Volume Factors in Renovascular Hypertension....Pages 159-164
Intrarenal Resistance in Experimental Benign and Malignant Hypertension....Pages 165-168
Renal Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension....Pages 169-172
Renal Venous Renin Secretory Patterns Before and After Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty: Verification of Analytic Criteria....Pages 173-180
Front Matter....Pages 181-181
Position Paper: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System for Blood Pressure Regulation and for Subdividing Patients to Reveal and Analyze Different Forms of Hypertension....Pages 183-194
Artifacts in the Diagnosis of Essential Hypertension....Pages 195-198
Low-Renin Essential Hypertension: Diminution of Aldosterone Suppression?....Pages 199-203
Identifying Renin Participation in Hypertensive Patients....Pages 204-207
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Maintenance of Blood Pressure....Pages 208-216
Front Matter....Pages 217-217
Position Paper: The Control of Renin Release....Pages 219-227
Humoral Mechanisms of Renin Release....Pages 228-231
Front Matter....Pages 217-217
Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin-Sodium Interdependent Renal Vasoconstriction Mechanism Controlling Postclamp Renal Artery Pressure and Renin Release in Chronic One-Kidney, One-Clip Goldblatt Hypertensive Dog....Pages 232-235
Renin Responsiveness to Neural and Nonneural-Mediated Stimuli in the Renin Subgroups of Essential Hypertension....Pages 236-239
Alpha- and Beta-Adrenoreceptors and Renin Release....Pages 240-243
Front Matter....Pages 245-245
Position Paper: Extravascular and Plasma Prorenin and Renin....Pages 247-257
Renin Purification....Pages 258-262
High-Molecular-Weight Form of Renal Renin and Renin-Binding Substance in the Dog....Pages 263-264
Brain Renin....Pages 265-267
Role of the Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Central Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Control....Pages 268-273
Vascular Renin....Pages 274-280
Front Matter....Pages 281-281
Position Paper: The Sympathetic Nervous System and Hypertension....Pages 283-289
Effect of Posture, Isometric Hand-Grip Exercise, and Norepinephrine Infusion in Normal-Renin Hypertensive Patients....Pages 290-296
Interrelationships Between Plasma Norepinephrine and Blood Pressure Response to Norepinephrine in Normotension and Hypertension....Pages 297-300
Central Noradrenergic Mechanisms in Hypertension and in Postural Hypotension....Pages 301-305
Use of Circulating Catecholamines for the Detection of Autonomic Abnormalities in Human Hypertension....Pages 306-311
Sympathetic Nervous System, Catecholamine Receptors, and Hypertension....Pages 312-315
Changing Role of Beta- and Alpha-Adrenoreceptor-Mediated Cardiovascular Responses in the Transition from High-Cardiac Output into a High-Peripheral Resistance Phase in Essential Hypertension....Pages 316-326
Front Matter....Pages 327-327
Position Paper: The Brain, Centrally Acting Drugs, the Renin System and Blood Pressure Regulation....Pages 329-336
Sodium and Central Nervous System Mechanisms....Pages 337-340
Experimental Evidence in Support of a Central Neural Imbalance Hypothesis of Hypertension....Pages 341-343
Brain Centers for Pharmacologic Control of the Cadiovascular System....Pages 344-347
Front Matter....Pages 327-327
Central and Peripheral Alpha-Adrenoreceptors and the Actions of Clonidine and Methyldopa....Pages 348-352
Front Matter....Pages 353-353
Position Paper: Hypertension Mechanisms in Experimental Animals and Their Relevance to Humans....Pages 355-366
Neurogenic Elements in Rat Primary Hypertension: Differences Between Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and the Milan Hypertensive Strain....Pages 367-369
Hypertension and Stroke Mechanisms in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats....Pages 370-372
Pressor and Volume Effects of Vasopressin....Pages 373-380
Front Matter....Pages 381-381
Position Paper: Hypertension, Vasoconstriction, and the Causation of Cardiovascular Injury: The Renin-Sodium Profile as an Indicator of Risk....Pages 383-395
Vascular Compliance and Pulsatile Flow as Determinants of Vascular Injury....Pages 396-400
Endothelial Injury in Hypertension....Pages 401-403
Hypertension-Induced Vascular Fibrosis and its Reversal by Antihypertensive Drugs....Pages 404-411
Hypertension, Vasopressors, and Susceptibility to Vascular Injury: Experimental and Clinical Studies....Pages 412-419
Front Matter....Pages 421-421
Position Paper: Antihypertensive Actions of Beta-Blockers....Pages 423-435
Comparison of a Beta-Blocker and Converting Enzyme Inhibitor in Two Types of Experimental Hypertension....Pages 436-439
Pressor Effect of Beta-Adrenergic Blockade and Angiotensin II in Nephrectomized Rats....Pages 440-444
Catecholamines as Predictors of Drug Response....Pages 445-449
Renin Activity and the Response to Beta-Blockade....Pages 450-453
Total Peripheral Resistance and Beta-Adrenergic Blockade....Pages 454-458
Mechanisms of Beta-Blockade Hypotension....Pages 459-461
Aldosterone: Possible Roles in Sustaining Essential Hypertension and in Determining Response to Antihypertensive Treatment....Pages 462-469
Front Matter....Pages 471-471
Position Paper: Differential Features of Beta- Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs for Therapy....Pages 473-481
Front Matter....Pages 483-483
Postinfarction Intervention Studies with Propranolol and Atenolol: Problems in Design and Interpretation....Pages 485-489
Front Matter....Pages 483-483
Secondary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction with Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs—Alprenolol, Practolol, and Oxprenolol....Pages 490-494
The Role of Beta-Blockers in Cardioprotection....Pages 495-499
Front Matter....Pages 501-501
Position Paper: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Blockade as a Therapeutic Modality....Pages 503-516
Immediate and Delayed Antihypertensive Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition with Captopril....Pages 517-521
Late Resistance to Captopril....Pages 522-526
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in the Treatment of Heart Failure....Pages 527-528
Summary of Worldwide Captopril Experience in Patients with Severe Treatment-Resistant Hypertension....Pages 529-531
The Effect of Captopril on Urinary Kinins and Urinary Kallikrein Activity in Essential Hypertension....Pages 532-537
Front Matter....Pages 539-539
Position Paper: Physiologic Effects and Diagnostic Relevance of Acute Converting Enzyme Blockade....Pages 541-550
Does Captopril Decrease Blood Pressure by Mechanisms Other Than Inhibition of Angiotensin II Formation?....Pages 551-555
The Effects of Intravenous Angiotensin II on the Cardiac Baroreceptor Reflex....Pages 556-558
Captopril in Angiotensin-Salt Hypertension: A Possible Linkage between Angiotensin, Salt, Vascular Disease, and Renomedullary Interstitial Cells....Pages 559-566
Effect of Converting Enzyme Inhibition with Teprotide on Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Reflexes in Normotensive Subjects....Pages 567-580
Front Matter....Pages 581-581
Position Paper: New Approaches to Renin System Blockade....Pages 583-591
Studies on Experimental Hypertension Using Blockers of Renin, Converting Enzyme, and Angiotensin II....Pages 592-594
Active-Site Specific Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme....Pages 595-597
Regulation and Properties of Adrenal and Vascular AII Receptors....Pages 598-603
Epilogue: After Dinner Science and Friendship....Pages 604-615
Back Matter....Pages 617-628

2013-12-12