Latin is one of two acceptable languages for describing new plants, and taxonomists must be able to translate earlier texts in Latin. Providing a simple explanation of Latin grammar along with an in-depth vocabulary, this is an indispensable guide for systematic botanists worldwide. All relevant parts of speech are discussed, with accompanying examples as well as worked exercises for translating diagnoses and descriptions to and from Latin. Guidelines for forming specific epithets are also included. The authors cross-reference their grammar to Stearn's Botanical Latin and to articles in the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants. The comprehensive vocabulary is enhanced with terms from recent glossaries for non-flowering plants – lichens, mosses, algae, fungi and ferns – making this an ideal resource for anyone looking to hone their understanding of Latin grammar and to translate botanical texts from the past 300 years.

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Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 9.0.223/W Unicode

Short, Emma, George, Alex

Alex George; Emma Short

University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2013

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

Cambridge ; New York, 2013

lg1153284

producers:
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A Primer of Botanical Latin with Vocabulary 1
A Primer of Botanical Latin with Vocabulary 3
Contents 7
Preface 9
Acknowledgements 10
Introduction 11
Why do botanists need Latin? 12
Consulting a Latin dictionary or vocabulary 14
Overview 14
Part NaN: Grammar 17
Chapter 1: The noun (Stearn pp. 57-88) 19
First declension (Stearn pp. 66-68) 20
Second declension (Stearn pp. 68-71) 22
Third declension (Stearn pp. 72-87) 23
Nouns ending in -al 24
Nouns ending in -ar 24
Nouns ending in -as 25
Nouns ending in-ax 25
Nouns ending in -e 25
Nouns ending in -en 26
Nouns ending in -er 26
Nouns ending in -es 26
Nouns ending in -ex 27
Nouns ending in -is 27
Nouns ending in -ix 28
Nouns ending in -ma 29
Noun ending in -nx 29
Nouns ending in -o 30
Nouns ending in -on 30
Nouns ending in -or 31
Nouns ending in -os 32
Nouns ending in -s after a consonant (usually `b ́, `m ́, `n ́, `p ́ or `r ́) 32
Nouns ending in -us 32
Nouns ending in -ut 33
Nouns ending in -ux 33
Nouns ending in -ys 34
Nouns ending in -yx 34
Fourth declension (Stearn pp. 87-88) 34
Nouns ending in -us 35
Nouns ending in -u 35
Fifth declension (Stearn p. 88) 35
Chapter 2: The adjective and the participle (Stearn pp. 89-102) 37
Compound adjectives 42
Complex adjectives (termed compounds by Stearn pp. 94, 95, 96-97) 42
Comparison of adjectives (Stearn pp. 97-99) 44
Formation of comparatives 44
Formation of superlatives 45
Irregular forms 46
Quam 47
The participle (Stearn pp. 89-90) 47
Notes 49
Chapter 3: The adverb (Stearn pp. 103-106) 50
Chapter 4: The preposition (Stearn pp. 125-127) 52
Prepositions with accusative 53
Prepositions with ablative 53
Chapter 5: The conjunction (Stearn pp. 128-129) 54
Further examples 54
Chapter 6: The pronoun (Stearn pp. 118-124) 56
Personal pronouns 56
Possessive pronouns 57
The determinative pronoun 57
The demonstrative pronoun (also used as pronoun adjectives) 58
The intensive pronoun 59
The relative pronoun 59
The definitive pronoun 60
Indefinite pronouns 60
Pronoun-adjectives 61
Chapter 7: The verb (Stearn pp. 130-139) 63
Chapter 8: Numerals, measurements (Stearn pp. 107-117) 66
Cardinal numbers 66
Outline placeholder 0
Examples: 67
Ordinal numbers 68
Outline placeholder 0
Examples 69
Distributive numerals 69
Example: 69
Numerical adverbs 70
Examples 70
On relative length (Stearn pp. 114-117) 71
Chapter 9: Prefixes and suffixes 73
Chapter 10: Miscellany 75
Time 75
Habitat (Stearn pp. 197-200) 75
Geography (Stearn pp. 201-228) 76
Colour 76
Symbols and abbreviations 77
Punctuation (Stearn pp. 194-196) 77
Forming specific epithets 78
Part NaN: Exercises in translation 17
Chapter 10: Exercises 75
1. Declining 83
1.1. Declining nouns and adjectives (answers on p. 00) 83
1.2. Taxonomic ranks (answers on p. 00) 84
1.3. Exercises in the nominative (answers on p. 00) 84
herb 84
shrub 84
tree 84
stem 84
stems 85
stipules 85
leaf 85
leaves 85
inflorescence 85
inflorescences 85
bract 85
bracts 85
flower 85
flowers 86
calyx 86
sepals 86
corolla 86
petals 86
stamens 86
anthers 86
filament 86
filaments 86
pistil 86
gynoecium 87
style 87
ovary 87
stigma 87
fruit 87
seed 87
stipe 87
caps 87
gills 87
thallus 87
1.4. Exercises in the accusative (answers on p. 00) 88
1.5. Exercises in the genitive (answers on p. 00) 88
1.6. Exercises in the dative (answers on p. 00) 88
1.7. Exercises in the ablative (answers on p. 00) 89
2. Adjectives 89
2.1. Positive (absolute) adjectives (answers on p. 00) 89
2.1.1. State whether the following adjectives are Group A or Group B and then decline fully, i.e. masculine, feminine and neuter, singular and plural: 89
2.1.2. Give the: 89
2.1.3. Translate: 90
2.2. Comparative adjectives (answers on p. 00) 90
2.2.1. Translate: 90
2.3 Superlative adjectives (answers on p. 00) 90
2.3.1. Translate: 90
2.4. Comparisons (answers on p. 00) 90
2.4.1. Translate: 90
3. Participles (answers on p. 00) 91
3.1. Decline in full for the gender cited (all cases, singular and plural): 91
3.2. Translate the following: 91
4. Adverbs 91
4.1 Positive (absolute) adverbs (answers on p. 00) 91
4.1.1. Translate the following adjectives, state whether they are Group A or Group B, and then form their associated adverbs: 91
4.1.2. Translate the following: 92
4.2. Comparative and superlative adverbs (answers on p. 00) 92
4.2.1. Translate: 92
5. Conjunctions (answers on p. 00) 92
5.1. Translate: 92
6. Pronouns (answers on p. 00) 92
6.1. Translate: 92
7. Verbs (answers on p. 00) 93
7.1. Translate: 93
Chapter 12: Answers to the Exercises 94
1. Declining 94
1.1. Declining nouns and adjectives 94
1.2. Taxonomic ranks 97
1.3. Exercises in the nominative 97
1.4. Exercises in the accusative 98
1.5. Exercises in the genitive 98
1.6. Exercises in the dative 99
Dryandra meganotia Dryandrae armatae similis 99
1.7. Exercises in the ablative 99
2. Adjectives 100
2.1. Positive (absolute) adjectives 100
2.2. Comparative adjectives 101
2.3. Superlative adjectives 101
2.4. Comparisons 101
3. Participles 102
4. Adverbs 103
4.1. Positive (absolute) adverbs 103
4.2. Comparative and superlative adverbs 103
5. Conjunctions 104
6. Pronouns 104
7. Verbs 104
Part NaN: Translating 17
Chapter 13: Translating into Latin 107
Some tips 107
Notes to help in translation 107
Parsing 109
Abbreviations 109
The description 110
Translation of a description adapted from George Bentham ́s Handbook of the British Flora 110
Found [lives] on the banks of streams and in moist, shady places 110
The diagnosis 115
How to start a diagnosis 115
Calothamnus roseus 116
Calothamnus borealis subsp. cinereus 118
Chapter 14: Translating from Latin into English 119
Part NaN: Vocabulary 129
References 351
Index 354

Providing a simple explanation of Latin grammar along with an in-depth vocabulary, this is an indispensable guide for systematic botanists worldwide. The authors discuss all relevant parts of speech, with accompanying examples as well as worked exercises for translating diagnoses and descriptions to and from Latin.

A practical guide for botanists worldwide, providing a simple explanation of Latin grammar along with an in-depth vocabulary

2014-02-12