On 26 August 1071 a large Byzantine army under Emperor Romanus IV met the Saljuq Turk forces of Sultan Alp Arslan near the town of Manzikert to the far east of the Byzantine Empire. The battle ended in a decisive defeat for the Byzantine forces, with the wings of the army routing following withering Turkish arrow fire, and the centre overwhelmed, with the Byzantine emperor captured and much of his fabled Varangian guard killed. This battle is justifiably regarded as a turning point in Middle Eastern, European and to some extent even world history. It is seen as the primary trigger of the Crusades, and as the moment when the power of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire was irreparably broken. The Saljuq victory opened up Anatolia to Turkish-Islamic conquest, which was eventually followed by the establishment of the Ottoman state which went on the conquer south-eastern and much of central Europe, the entire Middle East and most of North Africa. Nevertheless the battle itself was the culmination of a Christian Byzantine offensive, intended to strengthen the eastern frontiers of the empire and re-establish Byzantine domination over Armenia and northern Mesopotamia. Turkish Saljuq victory was in no sense inevitable and might, in fact, have come as something of a surprise to those who achieved it - at least in proving to be so complete. It was not only the battle of Manzikert that had such profound and far-reaching consequences, many of these stemmed from the debilitating Byzantine civil war which followed and was a direct consequence of the defeat.

lgrsnf/R:\062020\osprey\[Osprey] Campaign - 262 - Manzikert 1071 - The breaking of Byzantium (ebook).pdf

nexusstc/Manzikert 1071: The breaking of Byzantium (Campaign, 262)/4a97d1a165c4cebf4251f1f034f54813.pdf

zlib/History/Military History/David Nicolle, Christa Hook (Illustrator)/Manzikert 1071: The breaking of Byzantium_5957855.pdf

Nicolle, David

Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

OspreyPublishing Ltd

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

Bloomsbury UK, Long Island City, NY, 2013

Campaign, 262, Botley, Oxford, 2013

Campaign ; 262, London, 2013

First Edition, FR, 2013

Campaign 262, 1, 2013

Illustrated, 2013

lg2021096

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Denne bog i Ospreys " Campaign" serie omhandler slaget ved Manzikert i 1071, hvor en byzantinsk hær under ledelse af kejser Romanus IV bliver besejret af den seljuk-tyrkiske hær under sultan Alp Arslan. Forfatteren gennemgår både de to stridende parters hære, samt kampagnen, der endte med slaget og byzantinsk nederlag

David Nicolle ; Illustrated By Christa Hook. Includes Bibliographical References (page 94) And Index.

2020-09-27