This pioneering study is based on an analysis of over 200 languages, including African, Amerindian, Australian, Austronesian, Indo-European and Eurasian (Altaic, Caucasian, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Dravidian, Uralic), Papuan, and Sino-Tibetan. Adpositions are an almost universal part of speech. English has prepositions; some languages, such as Japanese, have postpositions; others have both; and yet others kinds that are not quite either. As grammatical tools they mark the relationship between two parts of a sentence: characteristically one element governs a noun or noun-like word or phrase while the other functions as a predicate. From the syntactic point of view, the complement of an adposition depends on a head: in this last sentence, for example, a head is the complement of on while on a head depends on depends and on is the marker of this dependency. Adpositions lie at the core of the grammar of most languages, their usefulness making them recurrent in everyday speech and writing. Claude Hagege examines their morphological features, syntactic functions, and semantic and cognitive properties. He does so for the subsets both of adpositions that express the relations of agent, patient, and beneficiary, and of those which mark space, time, accompaniment, or instrument. Adpositions often govern case and are sometimes gradually grammaticalized into case. The author considers the whole set of function markers, including case, that appear as adpositions and, in doing so, throws light on processes of morphological and syntactic change in different languages and language families. His book will be welcomed by typologists and by syntacticians and morphologists of all theoretical stripes.

lgli/_457623.4849c8b51737499e10bf4cdedb8a9d7e.pdf

lgrsnf/_457623.4849c8b51737499e10bf4cdedb8a9d7e.pdf

zlib/Reference/Claude Hagége/Adpositions_1178709.pdf

Adpositions : function-marking in human languages

Hagége, Claude

Claude Hagège

IRL Press at Oxford University Press

Oxford Institute for Energy Studies

German Historical Institute London

Oxford University Press, USA

OUP Oxford

Oxford linguistics, Oxford studies in typology and linguistic theory, Oxford, New York, England, 2010

Oxford studies in typology and linguistic theory, Oxford, 2009

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

Oxford University Press USA, Oxford, 2010

Oxford, 2010-04-29

Illustrated, 2010

1, US, 2010

2011 12 30

lg740672

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Referenced by: doi:10.1093/actrade/9780198720867.book.1 doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3741-3 doi:10.1017/s0041977x00084688 doi:10.1075/slcs.24 doi:10.1016/0024-3841(86)90036-7 doi:10.1353/lan.2005.0050 doi:10.1353/lan.2007.0116 doi:10.1080/00437956.1950.11659373 doi:10.1163/19589514-030-01-900000015 doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674430150 doi:10.1515/9783110883053 doi:10.2307/453048 doi:10.4324/9780203641521 doi:10.2307/415436 doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299554.001.0001 doi:10.1353/lan.2006.0189 doi:10.1515/ling.2001.042 doi:10.1515/9783110822120 doi:10.1515/9783112420164 doi:10.1017/cbo9781139084987 doi:10.1080/07268608208599280 doi:10.1353/lan.2006.0086 doi:10.2143/bsl.102.1.2028210 doi:10.2307/3623147 doi:10.7560/727267 doi:10.1515/9783110873733 doi:10.1515/lity.2000.4.1.91 doi:10.1075/tsl.50 doi:10.1515/9783111398457 doi:10.2143/bsl.82.1.2013672 doi:10.2143/bsl.98.1.503777 doi:10.1515/jall.1979.1.2.199 doi:10.1007/978-3-476-03487-8 doi:10.3406/flang.1998.1215 doi:10.1515/9783110211771 doi:10.1080/03740463.1939.10410859 doi:10.1086/465048 doi:10.1515/tlir.2004.21.3-4.257 doi:10.2307/414448 doi:10.1017/cbo9780511620553 doi:10.1515/9783110804850 doi:10.1515/9783110883282 doi:10.1075/cilt.280 doi:10.1515/9783110821611.307 doi:10.1515/lity.1998.2.3.315 doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1958.tb00870.x doi:10.2307/413757 doi:10.1017/s030500090000252x doi:10.1016/0024-3841(81)90066-8 doi:10.2307/413422 doi:10.1075/tsl.74.10kri doi:10.1075/tsl.74 doi:10.1075/sl.22.1.05kut doi:10.1086/465451 doi:10.2307/415384 doi:10.1075/tsl.26 doi:10.1017/cbo9781139165570 doi:10.1515/9783110846027 doi:10.1515/9783110197174 doi:10.2307/413575 doi:10.1515/lity.2004.006 doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226580593.001.0001 doi:10.1515/9783110821611 doi:10.1075/tsl.37 doi:10.1515/lingty.2007.031 doi:10.1525/9780520321205 doi:10.1017/s0022226700016418 doi:10.1016/0024-3841(79)90018-4 doi:10.1515/lity.2003.019 doi:10.1515/thli.1997.23.1-2.113 doi:10.1075/tsl.25 doi:10.1515/lity.2003.003 doi:10.1515/9783110821611.287 doi:10.1515/ling.1995.33.4.741 doi:10.3406/remmm.1994.1642 doi:10.7591/9781501743726 doi:10.1515/9783110242430.333 doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276219.001.0001 doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297566.001.0001 doi:10.1017/s0022226700010008

Includes bibliographical references (p. [336]-358) and indexes.

MiU

Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 3
Contents......Page 5
Abbreviations......Page 9
1.2. On some aspects of the present state of research on Adps......Page 15
1.3. The scope and aims of this book......Page 18
1.5. The book's argument......Page 19
1.6. Intended readership......Page 20
2.1. A genera] definition of Adps......Page 22
2.2.1. Common and rare strategies serving the same function as Adps and case affixes......Page 23
2.2.2. A contrastive examination of Adps and case affixes......Page 31
2.2.3. Complex Adps as associations of an Adp and a case affix......Page 52
2.3. Adps and governed terms......Page 65
2.3.1. Adps vs. adverbs......Page 66
2.3.2. The various types of terms Adps may govern......Page 71
2.3.3. Size of the governed term......Page 75
2.4.1. Verb-phrase-internal word-types that might be confused with Adps......Page 76
2.4.2. Verb-phrase-external word-types that might be confused with Adps......Page 92
2.5. Adps and Adp-phrases as sources of further grammaticalization......Page 110
2.5.2. Adp-phrases as sources of new grammatical units......Page 111
2.6.1. Searching for a cover term for Adp and case......Page 117
2.6.2. Justifying the term adposition......Page 119
3.1.1. Problems due to the scarcity of available material and to disagreement between authors......Page 120
3.2. Main types of Adps: prepositions, postpositions, ambipositions......Page 123
3.2.1. Prs vs. Pos......Page 124
3.2.2. The phenomenon of ambipositions......Page 128
3.2.3. On some positional features of Adps in various languages......Page 138
3.3.1. Simple Adps......Page 142
3.3.2. Compound Adps......Page 143
3.3.3. Adps and Adp-phrases in relationship with various other elements......Page 150
3.4.1. Adps as an important category, on a par with verbs and nouns. X-bar theory, cognitive grammar......Page 162
3.4.2. Adps as a clue to a theory of the category and its cognitive implications......Page 164
3.4.4. Adps and verbs......Page 165
3.4.5. Adps and nouns......Page 176
3.4.6. On some verbal and nominal features of Adps......Page 186
4 Adpositions and adpositional phrases in a syntactic perspective......Page 205
4.1. The contribution of Adp-phrases to the relationship between verbal predicates and core vs. peripheral (circumstantial) complements......Page 206
4.1.1. On various types of Adp-phrases depending on verbal predicates......Page 207
4.1.2. Adps and the core-peripheral polarity......Page 213
4.1.3. Adps and subordination......Page 235
4.1.4. Unmarked core and non-core complements......Page 242
4.2. Adp-phrases as adnominal complements......Page 246
4.2.1. Adnominal Adp-phrases directly associated, as dependent elements, to nouns......Page 247
4.2.2. Adnominal Adp-phrases linked to a head noun by a connective morpheme......Page 253
4.3. Adp-phrases as predicates......Page 259
4.3.2. Copulaless predicative Adp-phrases......Page 260
4.3.3. Predicative Adp-phrases with a copula......Page 263
4.4. Adp-phrases as head and focus......Page 267
4.4.1. Adp-phrases as heads with respect to certain dependent elements......Page 268
4.5. Recalling the syntactic diversity of Adp-phrases: some illustrations......Page 269
5 Adpositions from the semantic point of view......Page 271
5.1.1. Adps as a possible type of mapping of semantic classes......Page 272
5.1.2. The role of Adps in the distribution of tasks between various means of expression......Page 279
5.2.1. Adps as both morphological and lexical units......Page 283
5.2.2. Adps and poetic language......Page 284
5.2.3. Adps and idiomaticity......Page 285
5.3. The semantic system of Adps in crosslinguistic perspective......Page 286
5.3.1. The semantic system of Adps as shown in Table 5.1......Page 287
5.3.2. Adps and polysemy......Page 291
5.3.3. An examination of each of the three semantic domains marked by Adps......Page 296
6.1. Results of the present work......Page 344
6.2.2. Adpositions as a morpholexical category......Page 346
6.3.3. Relying on the data......Page 347
6.4.2. On the primacy of morphology and semantics......Page 348
References......Page 350
Index of Languages......Page 373
Index of Names......Page 380
Index of Subjects......Page 385
Index of Notions......Page 386

This Pioneering Study Is Based On An Analysis Of Over 350 Languages, Including African, Amerindian, Australian, Austronesian, Indo-european And Eurasian (altaic, Caucasian, Chukotko-kamchatkan, Dravidian, Uralic), Papuan, And Sino-tibetan. Adpositions Are An Almost Universal Part Of Speech. English Has Prepositions; Some Languages, Such As Japanese, Have Postpositions; Others Have Both; And Yet Others Kinds That Are Not Quite Either. As Grammatical Tools They Mark The Relationship Between Two Parts Of A Sentence: Characteristically One Element Governs A Noun Or Noun-like Word Or Phrase, While The Other Functions As A Verbal Predicate, But May Also Be A Noun. From The Syntactic Point Of View, The Complement Of An Adposition Depends On A Head; In This Last Sentence, For Example, A Head Is The Complement Of On And Depends On Depends, While On Is The Marker Of This Dependency. Adpositions Lie At The Core Of The Grammar Of Most Languages, Their Usefulness Making Them Recurrent In Everyday Speech And Writing. Claude Hagege Examines Their Morphological Features, Syntactic Functions, And Semantic And Cognitive Properties. He Does So For The Subsets Both Of Adpositions That Express The Relations Of Agent, Patient, And Beneficiary, And Of Those Which Mark Space, Time, Accompaniment, Instrument, Cause, Comparison, But Also More Rarely Studied Meanings, Such As Addition ('besides'), Exception ('except'), Exclusion ('without'), Mention ('according To'), Reference ('with Respect To'), Substitution ('instead Of'), And Others. Adpositions Often Govern Case And Are Sometimes Gradually Grammaticalized Into Case. The Author Considers The Whole Set Of Function Markers, Including Case, That Appear As Adpositions And, In Doing So, Throws Light On Processes Of Morphological And Syntactic Change In Different Languages And Language Families. His Book Will Be Welcomed By Typologists And By Syntacticians And Morphologists Of All Theoretical Stripes.--jacket. Claude Hagege. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [336]-358) And Indexes.

This pioneering study is based on an analysis of over 200 languages, including African, Amerindian, Australian, Austronesian, Indo-European and Eurasian (Altaic, Caucasian, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Dravidian, Uralic), Papuan, and Sino-Tibetan. Adpositions are an almost universal part of speech. English has prepositions; some languages, such as Japanese, have postpositions; others have both; and yet others kinds that are not quite either. As grammatical tools they mark the relationship between two parts of a sentence: characteristically one element governs a noun or noun-like word or phrase while the other functions as a predicate. From the syntactic point of view, the complement of an adposition depends on a head: in this last sentence, for example, a head is the complement of on while on a head depends on depends and on is the marker of this dependency. Adpositions lie at the core of the grammar of most languages, their usefulness making them recurrent in everyday speech and writing. Claude Hagège examines their morphological features, syntactic functions, and semantic and cognitive properties. He does so for the subsets both of adpositions that express the relations of agent, patient, and beneficiary, and of those which mark space, time, accompaniment, or instrument. Adpositions often govern case and are sometimes gradually grammaticalized into case. The author considers the whole set of function markers, including case, that appear as adpositions and, in doing so, throws light on processes of morphological and syntactic change in different languages and language families. His book will be welcomed by typologists and by syntacticians and morphologists of all theoretical stripes.

## Abstract
This pioneering study is based on an analysis of over 200 languages, including African, Amerindian, Australian, Austronesian, Indo-European and Eurasian (Altaic, Caucasian, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Dravidian, Uralic), Papuan, and Sino-Tibetan. Adpositions are an almost universal part of speech. English has prepositions; some languages, such as Japanese, have postpositions; others have both; and yet others, kinds that are not quite either. As grammatical tools they mark the relationship between two parts of a sentence: characteristically one element governs a noun or noun-like word or phrase while the other functions as a predicate. From the syntactic point of view, the complement of an adposition depends on a head: in this last sentence, for example, a head is the complement of on while on a head depends on depends, and on is the marker of this dependency. Adpositions lie at the core of the grammar of most languages, their usefulness making them recurrent in everyday speech and writing. The author examines their morphological features, syntactic functions, and semantic and cognitive properties. He does so for the subsets both of adpositions that express the relations of agent, patient, and beneficiary, and of those which mark space, time, accompaniment, or instrument. Adpositions often govern case and are sometimes gradually grammaticalized into case. The author considers the whole set of function markers, including case, which appear as adpositions and, in doing so, throws light on processes of morphological and syntactic change in different languages and language families.

Adpositions lie at the core of the grammar of most languages, their usefulness making them recurrent in everyday speech and writing. Based on an analysis of 350 languages, this pioneering study examines their morphological features, syntactic functions, and semantic and cognitive properties

2012-02-04