Plant breeding has played a significant role in the development of human civilizations. Conventional plant breeding has significantly improved crop yield by genetically manipulating agronomically important traits. However, it has often been criticized for ignoring indigenous germplasm, failing to address the needs of the marginal and the poor farmers, and emphasizing selection for broad instead of local adaptation. Participatory plant breeding (PPB) is the process by which the producers and other stakeholders are actively involved in a plant-breeding programme, with opportunities to make decisions throughout. The Working Group on Participatory Plant Breeding (PPBwg) was established in 1996 under the framework of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Research in PPB can promote informed participation and trust in research among consumers and producers, and in recent years, PPB has had a significant impact on food production by quickly and cost-effectively producing improved crop varieties. At the same time, there has been significant  research in the area. PPB offers significant advantages that are particularly relevant to developing countries where large investments in plant breeding have not led to increased production, especially in the marginal environments. In addition to the economic benefits, participatory research has a number of psychological, moral, and ethical benefits, which are the consequence of a progressive empowerment of the farming communities. PPB can empower groups such as women or less well-off farmers that are traditionally left out of the development process. This book explores the potential of PPB in the coming decades. The topic is more relevant since international breeding efforts for major crops are aimed at decentralizing local breeding methods to better incorporate the perspective of end users into the varietal development process. The first book incorporating the upcoming research on this novel breeding approach, it reviews the important tools and applications of PPB in an easy-to-read, succinct format, with illustrations to clarify these complex topics. It provides readers with a basic idea of participatory plant breeding as well as advances in the field and insights into the future to facilitate the successful integration of farmers into breeding programmes. This book is a valuable reference resource for agriculturists, agricultural advisers, policy makers, NGOs, post-doctoral students and scientists in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and botany.

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zlib/Biology and other natural sciences/Plants: Agriculture and Forestry/Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava/Participatory Plant Breeding: Concept and Applications_5246998.pdf

Bhargava, Atul, Srivastava, Shilpi

ATUL SRIVASTAVA, SHILPI BHARGAVA

Springer Science + Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd

SPRINGER Verlag, SINGAPOR

Springer Nature Singapore

Place of publication not identified, 2019

Springer Nature, Singapore, 2019

Singapore, Singapore

Apr 14, 2019

sm75233863

producers:
Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1

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Source title: Participatory Plant Breeding: Concept and Applications

Preface 5
Acknowledgments 7
Contents 9
About the Authors 14
1: Human Civilization and Agriculture 16
1.1 Introduction 16
1.2 Homo sapiens: Origin and Spread 17
1.3 The Hunter-Gatherers 18
1.4 The Beginning of Settled Life and Agricultural Revolution 20
1.5 Origin of Agriculture 20
1.6 Center of Origin of Crops 22
1.7 Plant Domestication 26
1.8 The Domestication Syndrome 27
1.8.1 Elimination/Reduction Seed Shattering 27
1.8.2 Loss/Reduction in Seed Dispersal Aids 29
1.8.3 Loss of Seed Dormancy 31
1.8.4 Synchronous Tillering and Ripening 32
1.8.5 More Compact Growth Habit 32
1.8.6 Size of Usable Part 32
1.8.7 Enhanced Culinary Chemistry 35
1.9 Molecular Mechanism of Plant Domestication 35
Bibliography 39
2: Plant Breeding 43
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 History of Plant Breeding 45
2.3 Conventional Breeding 50
2.4 Goals of Plant Breeding 51
2.4.1 Higher Yield 51
2.4.2 Better Quality 51
2.4.3 Disease and Insect Resistance 53
2.4.4 Abiotic Stress Tolerance 54
2.4.5 Photosensitivity and Thermosensitivity 55
2.4.6 Early Maturity 55
2.4.7 Synchronous Maturity 56
2.4.8 Non-shattering Character 56
2.4.9 Seed Dormancy 56
2.4.10 Determinate Growth 57
2.4.11 Removal of Toxic Compounds 57
2.5 The Green Revolution 58
2.6 Modern Plant Breeding 60
2.7 Molecular Breeding 61
2.8 Molecular Markers 61
2.9 Marker-Assisted Breeding 66
2.10 QTLs and Plant Breeding 67
2.11 Marker-Assisted Breeding: Success Stories 67
Bibliography 71
3: Toward Participatory Plant Breeding 83
3.1 Introduction 83
3.2 Limitations of Conventional Plant Breeding 85
3.2.1 Non-connectivity with Ground Reality 85
3.2.2 Limited Beneficiaries 85
3.2.3 Limited Role of Actual Stakeholders 86
3.2.4 Persistence of Poverty and Food Insecurity 86
3.2.5 Nutrient Availability 86
3.2.6 Environmental Issues 87
3.2.7 Greater Incidence of Diseases 87
3.3 Participation: A New Concept in Breeding 90
3.4 Terminology 91
3.5 Brief History of Participatory Plant Breeding 91
3.6 Objectives of Participatory Plant Breeding 92
3.7 Activities Included in PPB 93
3.8 Types of PPB 93
3.9 On-Farm Trials 96
3.10 Genotype x Environment Interaction Effects 97
Bibliography 98
4: Advantages and Cost of Participatory Plant Breeding 101
4.1 Introduction 101
4.2 When Is Participatory Plant Breeding Desirable or Preferred? 102
4.3 Advantages of Participatory Plant Breeding 102
4.3.1 Saves Time 102
4.3.2 Improving Farmer Seed Systems and Seed Provision to Small-Scale Farmers 103
4.3.3 Enhancement of Biodiversity 105
4.3.4 Amelioration in Farmer’s Conditions 108
4.3.5 Improves Research Efficiency 108
4.3.6 PPB Accelerates Adoption 109
4.3.7 Natural Resource Management 109
4.4 Disadvantages and/or Limitations of Participatory Plant Breeding 110
4.5 Participatory Plant Breeding and Women Empowerment 112
4.6 Participatory Plant Breeding and Farmer’s Rights 114
4.7 Participatory Plant Breeding and Organic Agriculture 115
Bibliography 116
5: Participatory Plant Breeding Across Continents 122
5.1 Introduction 122
5.2 Asia 123
5.2.1 Local Initiative for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD) 123
5.2.2 Southeast Asia Regional Initiatives for Community Empowerment (SEARICE) 123
5.2.3 Community Biodiversity Development and Conservation Program (CBDC) 124
5.2.4 Biodiversity Use and Conservation in Asia Program (BUCAP) 125
5.2.5 Eastern India Rainfed Farming Project 127
5.2.6 ICRISAT 127
5.2.7 CENESTA 129
5.3 Africa 131
5.3.1 REST: Community Seed Banks and Expert Seed Selection in Tigray, Ethiopia 132
5.3.2 AfricaRice [Formerly West African Rice Development Association (WARDA)] 132
5.3.3 Participatory Tree Domestication 133
5.3.4 Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Initiative for Breeding of Leafy Vegetables 134
5.4 South America 135
5.4.1 Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) 135
5.5 European Union 136
5.5.1 VASO Project 137
5.5.2 Apfel:gut 138
5.5.3 Participatory Organic Farming in France 138
Bibliography 139
6: Cereals 141
6.1 Introduction 141
6.2 Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] 142
6.2.1 Namibia: Maria Kaherero Composite (MKC) 143
6.2.2 India 143
6.3 Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) 144
6.3.1 India 146
6.3.2 Ethiopia 147
6.3.3 Tanzania 147
6.4 Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) 149
6.4.1 Syria 150
6.4.2 Morocco 153
6.4.3 Algeria 154
6.4.4 Jordan 155
6.5 Maize 155
6.5.1 India 155
6.5.2 Mexico 158
6.5.3 Honduras 159
6.5.4 Portugal 161
6.6 Rice 163
6.6.1 Nepal 164
6.6.2 India 166
6.6.3 Thailand 167
6.6.4 West Africa 167
6.6.5 Ghana 168
6.7 Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] 169
6.7.1 Burkina Faso 170
6.7.2 Mali 173
6.8 Wheat 176
6.8.1 Bangladesh 177
6.8.2 Iran 178
6.8.3 Indo-Pakistan 179
Bibliography 180
7: Vegetables 186
7.1 Introduction 186
7.2 Onion 187
7.3 Amaranthus 190
7.4 Taro 191
7.5 Eggplant 193
7.6 Yam 194
7.7 Broccoli 195
7.8 Cabbage 196
7.9 Tomato 197
Bibliography 199
8: Fruits 203
8.1 Introduction 203
8.1.1 Tropical Fruits 204
8.1.2 Temperate Fruits 204
8.2 Olive 205
8.3 Camu Camu 207
8.4 Feijoa 208
8.5 Sweet Cherry/Wild Cherry/Gean 209
8.6 Banana 210
8.7 Passion Fruit 211
8.8 Andean Blackberry 212
8.9 Participatory Domestication of Fruit Trees 213
Bibliography 215
9: Miscellaneous Crops 218
9.1 Introduction 218
9.2 Common Bean 219
9.3 Mung Bean 223
9.4 Faba Bean 224
9.5 Potato 226
9.6 Sweet Potato 232
9.7 Quinoa 235
9.8 Cassava 237
9.9 Coffee 240
9.10 Cotton 241
9.11 Trees for Agroforestry 244
Bibliography 245
10: Future of Participatory Plant Breeding 249
10.1 Introduction 249
10.2 Setting Right Goals for PPB 251
10.3 Challenges with Respect to Conventional Breeding 251
10.3.1 Social Challenges 252
10.3.2 Lack of Farmer Interest 252
10.4 Plant Breeder’s Rights and Seed Laws 252
10.5 Other Technical Issues 252
10.5.1 PPB and Genetic Diversity 253
10.5.2 Innovative Approaches for Different Cultivation Systems 253
10.6 The Future of PPB 253
Bibliography 254

Front Matter ....Pages i-xvi
Human Civilization and Agriculture (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 1-27
Plant Breeding (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 29-68
Toward Participatory Plant Breeding (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 69-86
Advantages and Cost of Participatory Plant Breeding (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 87-107
Participatory Plant Breeding Across Continents (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 109-127
Cereals (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 129-173
Vegetables (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 175-191
Fruits (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 193-207
Miscellaneous Crops (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 209-239
Future of Participatory Plant Breeding (Atul Bhargava, Shilpi Srivastava)....Pages 241-247

2019-04-17