Ecological intensification involves using natural resources such as land, water, soil nutrients, and other biotic and abiotic variables in a sustainable way to achieve high performance and efficiency in agricultural yield with minimal damage to the agroecosystems. With increasing food demand there is high pressure on agricultural systems. The concept of ecological intensification presents the mechanisms of ensuring high agricultural productivity by restoration the soil health and landscape ecosystem services. The approach involves the replacement of anthropogenic inputs with eco-friendly and sustainable alternates. Effective ecological intensification requires an understanding of ecosystems services, ecosystem's components, and flow of resources in the agroecosystems. Also, awareness of land use patterns, socio-economic factors, and needs of the farmer community plays a crucial role. It is therefore essential to understand the interaction of ecosystem constituents within the extensive agricultural landscape. The editors critically examined the status of ecological stress in agroecosystems and address the issue of ecological intensification for natural resources management. Drawing upon research and examples from around the world, the book is offering an up-to-date account, and insight into the approaches that can be put in practice for poly-cropping systems and landscape-scale management to increase the stability of agricultural production systems to achieve 'Ecological resilience'. It further discusses the role of farmer communities and the importance of their awareness about the issues. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology,  agronomy, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policymakers will also find this to be a useful read for green future.

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scihub/10.1007/978-981-33-4203-3.pdf

Manoj Kumar Jhariya,Ram Swaroop Meena,Arnab Banerjee (eds.)

Jhariya, Manoj Kumar; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Banerjee, Arnab

Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd Fka Springer Science + Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd

Singapore, Singapore

S.l, 2021

producers:
Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1: Ecological Intensification of Natural Resources Towards Sustainable Productive System
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Problems Associated with the Resources
1.3 Agricultural Intensification and Environmental Sustainability
1.4 Challenges for Ecological Intensification towards Sustainability
1.5 Nexus Between Intensification, Food Security and Crisis Under Changing Climate
1.6 Organic Farming Towards Ecological Intensification
1.7 Research and Development
1.8 Policy Intervention
1.9 Prospects of Ecological Intensification
1.10 Future Roadmap
1.11 Conclusion
References
2: Ecologically Harmonized Agricultural Management for Global Food Security
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Agriculture and Nature: Interrelation, Influence and Issues to Be Solved
2.3 Environmental Problems of Agriculture in the Context of Food Security: Global Trends
2.4 Food Provision and Environmental Impact: National Peculiarities for Ukraine
2.5 Food and Environmental Security: New Challenges
2.6 Eco-Intensification in Agro-ecosystem: Possible Ways and their Outcomes
2.7 Conceptual Basis for the Ecologically Harmonized Multi-Scale Agricultural Management
2.8 Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture Addressing Food Security
2.9 Organizational and Economic Mechanisms for Ecologically Safe Agriculture Land Use
2.10 Economic Reforms Towards Agricultural Sustainability and Development
2.11 Social and Environmental Responsibility as Systemic Element for Agricultural Sustainability
2.12 Ecologically Harmonized Agriculture, Food Security and Sustainable Rural Communities: Way Forwards
2.13 Policy and Legal Framework
2.14 Conclusions
2.15 Future Research Roadmap
References
3: Ecological Intensification: A Step Towards Biodiversity Conservation and Management of Terrestrial Landscape
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Agricultural Intensification and Biodiversity Conservation
3.3 Ecological Intensification and Biodiversity Conservation
3.4 The Role of Biodiversity in Agricultural Landscapes
3.5 The Impact of Integrated Pest Management on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
3.6 The Impact of Organic Agriculture on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
3.7 The Impact of Agroforestry on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
3.8 The Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
3.9 The Impact of Intercropping on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
3.10 Ecological Intensification and Its Role towards Management of Terrestrial Landscape
3.11 Future Perspectives
3.12 Conclusion
References
4: Climate Change and Agricultural Sustainable Intensification in the Arid Lands
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Climate Change in the Arid Lands
4.2.1 Increasing Air Temperature
4.2.2 Changes in Rainfall Patterns
4.2.3 Sea Level Rise
4.2.4 Drought
4.2.5 Pest and Disease Outbreaks
4.2.6 Eco-environmental Aspects
4.3 Scenarios of Agricultural Productivity in Arid Lands
4.4 Climate Change Effect on Agricultural Productivity in the Arid Lands
4.5 Need for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Arid Lands
4.6 Characterization of Sustainable Agricultural Intensification in the Arid Lands
4.7 Agricultural Sustainable Intensification Practices in the Arid Lands
4.7.1 Conservation Tillage and Crop Rotation
4.7.2 Integrated Pest Management
4.7.3 Soil Resources Conservation
4.7.4 Water Resources Conservation
4.7.5 Irrigation Water Management
4.7.6 Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)
4.7.7 Agroforestry
4.7.8 Climate Smart Agricultural Practices
4.8 Productivity Potential and Economy of Sustainable Intensification
4.9 Research and Development Towards Agricultural Productivity Under Arid Climate
4.10 Policy Framework for Agricultural Sustainable Intensification in the Arid Lands
4.11 Conclusions
4.12 Future Perspectives
References
5: Ecological Intensification for Sustainable Development
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Ecological Intensification: Principle and Concept
5.3 Ecological Intensification: Origin and Historical Perspective
5.4 Sustainable Intensification: Principle and Concept
5.5 Linking Concept Among Intensification, Ecointensification and Sustainable Intensification
5.6 Ecointensification in Natural Resources
5.6.1 Agriculture
5.6.2 Forestry
5.6.3 Agroforestry
5.6.4 Soil
5.6.5 Livestock
5.7 Constraint and Limitation in Intensification
5.8 Ecointensification for Ecosystem Services
5.9 Ecointensification for Food Security
5.10 Ecointensification for Climate Change Mitigation
5.11 Ecointensification for Resource Use Efficiency
5.12 Research and Developmental Activity
5.13 Policy Framework
5.14 Conclusion
5.15 Future Roadmap
References
6: Ecological Intensification for Sustainable Agriculture in South Asia
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Intensive Use of Ecosystem Services and Its Adverse Effect on Agriculture
6.2.1 Intensive Use of Ecosystem Services in Rice-Wheat Ecosystem
6.2.2 Shortage in Freshwater
6.2.3 Nutrient Cycling
6.2.4 Greenhouse Gases Emissions in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System
6.3 Eco-Intensification Role in Food and Environmental Security
6.4 Agricultural Intensification for Sustainability
6.4.1 Modern Agriculture
6.4.2 Challenges in Agriculture
6.4.3 Climate Change
6.4.4 Intensification Options
6.5 Agro-ecological Resources for Sustainable Agriculture in South Asia
6.5.1 Land Resources
6.5.2 Water Resources
6.5.3 Agroforestry
6.5.4 Crops and Diversification
6.5.5 Conservation Agriculture
6.5.6 Population and Economic Resources
6.6 Ecological Parameters for Intensification of Rice-Based Cropping Systems
6.6.1 Major Rice-Based Production System
6.6.2 Land Use Pattern
6.6.3 Nutrient Management
6.6.4 Water Management
6.6.5 Weed Dynamics and Management
6.6.6 Environmental Management
6.6.7 Energy Management
6.6.8 Productivity and Profitability
6.7 Integrated Approaches for Eco-Intensification of Rice-Following Cropping Sequences
6.7.1 Shrinking the Exploitable Yield Gap
6.7.2 Improving Soil Quality
6.7.3 Precision Agriculture
6.8 Conclusion
6.9 Future Prospective
References
7: Ecological Intensification for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment in India
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Origins of Sustainable Intensification
7.3 Present Concept
7.4 Difference Between Ecological and Sustainable Intensification
7.5 Sustainable Intensification: Then and Now
7.6 Rationale for Sustainable Intensification
7.7 Sustainability and Resilience
7.8 Integrating Sustainable Intensification in the Agriculture and Food System
7.8.1 The System of Rice Intensification: A Significant Breakthrough for Sustainable Farming
7.8.2 Participatory Plant Breeding Builds Local Resilience and Knowledge
7.8.3 Localizing Knowledge, Training, and Incentives
7.8.4 Enhancing Food Security Through Greater Equity, Access, and Control
7.8.5 Re-energizing Farming
7.9 Governance and Regulatory Frameworks
7.9.1 Consumer Preferences and Cost Internalization
7.9.2 Sustainability Standards and Participatory Guarantee Systems
7.10 Different Technologies Contributing Sustainable Intensification
7.10.1 Conservation Agriculture
7.10.2 Organic Agriculture
7.10.3 Water Conservation and Harvesting
7.10.4 Precision Farming
7.10.5 Diversification
7.11 Why Sustainable Intensification Should Go Green?
7.12 The Social Dimensions of Sustainable Intensification
7.13 Policy Option
7.14 Research and Development
7.14.1 Recent Global Sustainable Intensification Research Scenario
7.15 Critiques of Sustainable Intensification
7.16 Future Prospect
7.17 Conclusion
References
8: Mulching and Weed Management Towards Sustainability
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Concepts of Mulching
8.3 Different Types of Mulches
8.3.1 Plastic Mulch
8.3.2 Organic Mulches
8.3.3 Mulch Sheets
Plastic Sheets
Polyethylene Films
Nonwoven Polypropylene Veils
Vegetable Fiber Sheets
Hybrid Sheets
8.3.4 The Plates
8.4 Utility of Mulching
8.4.1 Inhibition of Competing Weeds
8.4.2 Limits Soil Water Losses and Helps to Conserve Soil
8.4.3 Increases or Regulates Soil Temperature
8.4.4 Improve the Structural Stability of the Soil
8.4.5 Improve the Soil Structure
8.4.6 Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Its Fertility
Nitrates
Phosphorus and Potassium
8.5 Setting up of Mulch
8.6 Influence of Mulching Over Growth and Survivability of Plant
8.7 Challenges in Mulching Techniques
8.8 Mulching and Sustainability
8.9 Conclusion
8.10 Future Perspective
References
9: Vertical Greenhouses Agro-technology: Solution Toward Environmental Problems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Global Problems of Modern Greenhouse Agricultural Complexes
9.3 Concepts of Vertical Greenhouse Agro-Technology
9.3.1 Advantages of Vertical Greenhouses Agro-Technology
9.3.2 Disadvantages of Vertical Greenhouses Agro-Technology
9.4 Global Scenario of Vertical Greenhouse Agro-Technology
9.5 Technologies in Vertical Greenhouses
9.5.1 Technologies for Growing Plants Without Soil
9.5.2 Hydroponics and Aeroponics
9.5.3 LED Lighting Systems
9.5.4 Researches on LED Lighting Systems in Greenhouse
9.6 Modern Vertical Greenhouses of the Third Level
9.7 Vertical Farm 2.0
9.8 Research and Development Toward Greenhouse Agro-Technology
9.8.1 Parametric Artificial Microclimate
9.8.2 Plants as a Complex Living System
9.8.3 Information Control and Measuring System
9.9 Policies and Legal Framework Toward Greenhouse Agro-Technology
9.10 Conclusion
9.11 Future Roadmap Toward Greenhouse Agro-Technology and Sustainability
References
10: Bioremediation of Lead Contaminated Soils for Sustainable Agriculture
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Soil Contamination by Lead: A Worldwide Problem
10.3 Earthworms for Improving Phytoremediation Process
10.4 Phytoextraction of Lead by Hordeum vulgare Under Controlled Conditions
10.5 Bioaccumulation of Lead by Earthworms (Lumbricus sp.)
10.6 Impact of the Plant/Earthworm Association on Soil Bioremediation
10.6.1 Lead Concentration in the Plant Between Presence/Absence of Earthworms
10.6.2 Lead Concentration in Earthworms Between Presence/Absence of the Plant
10.7 Role of Earthworms in Soil Sustainability
10.8 Bioremediation and Agricultural Sustainability
10.9 Research and Development Activities: Case of Algeria
10.10 Policy Strategy and Legal Framework for Soil Protection in Algeria
10.11 Conclusion
10.12 Future Perspective
References
11: Pollination and Ecological Intensification: A Way Towards Green Revolution
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Pollination
11.2.1 Importance of Pollination
11.2.2 Types of Pollination
11.2.3 Role of Pollinators
11.2.4 Types of Pollinators
The Bees
11.2.5 Value of Pollination Services
11.3 Pollinators and Pollination
11.3.1 Pollination Syndrome of Flowers
11.3.2 Perception of Flowers by Pollinators
Colour
Scent
Structure of Flower
11.3.3 Mechanism of Pollination by Honey Bees
11.3.4 Pollinators and Biodiversity
11.4 Pollination and Food Production
11.4.1 Pollination and Agriculture
11.4.2 Pollination in Higher Plants/Forestry
11.5 Pollination, Pollinators and their Challenges
11.5.1 Pollinator Decline
11.5.2 Causes for Decrease in Bee Population
Loss of Habitat
Fragmentation
Agricultural Chemicals
Invasive Species
Climate Risks: Disruption of Pollination Timing
11.5.3 Economic and Ecological Consequences of Pollinator Declines
11.6 Protecting Pollinators
11.6.1 Protect Existing Forages for Pollinators
11.6.2 Ensure Flowering Throughout the Year
11.6.3 Plant More Flowering Plants to Enhance Forage
11.6.4 Protect Nesting Sites
11.6.5 Protection from Pesticides
11.7 Policy Formulation towards Eco-intensification of Pollination
11.7.1 Enact Pollinator-Friendly Pesticide Policies
11.7.2 Conserve and Enhance Pollinator Habitat Policies
11.7.3 Regulating Incentives for Ecosystem Services by Pollinators
11.7.4 Ensure Participation and Empowerment of Diverse Stakeholders
11.8 Ecological Intensification of Pollination Towards Green Revolution
11.8.1 Pollinator and Agroecological Intensification
11.8.2 Sustainable Use of Pollinators in Farming
11.9 Pollination as an Ecological Intensification Towards Green Revolution
11.10 Conclusion
11.11 Future Roadmap
References
12: Ecosystem Services of Himalayan Alder
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Botanical Description and Phytosociology of Alder
12.3 Herbarium Specimen Recorded from Himalayas
12.4 Taxonomy of Alder
12.4.1 Background of Family Betulaceae
12.4.2 Himalayan Alder Taxonomic Variations
12.4.3 Palynological Aspects
12.5 Ecosystem Services of Alder
12.5.1 Ethno Ecological Importance
12.5.2 Role in Flood and Erosion Control
12.5.3 Alder and its Phytochemicals
12.5.4 Role in Heavy Metals Accumulation
12.5.5 Role in Nitrogen Fixation
12.5.6 Role as Biomass Producer
12.5.7 Alder as a Source of Energy/Fuel Wood/Firewood
12.5.8 Alder as a Source of Fodder
12.5.9 Role of Alder in Carbon Storage and Sequestration
12.5.10 Productivity of Alder
12.6 Alder Based Agroforestry for Resources Conservation and Ecological Sustainability
12.7 Role as an Indicator Species
12.8 Threats to Alder Plant
12.9 Anthropogenic Activities and Alder Population Destruction
12.10 Conservation Status of Himalayan Alder
12.10.1 Tissue Culture
12.10.2 Regeneration and Plantation
12.11 Conclusion
12.12 Future Perspective
References
13: Soil Carbon Stock and Sequestration: Implications for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Soil and Forest Ecosystems
13.3 Soil and Sustainability
13.4 Climate Change: A Burning Issue
13.5 Nexus Between Climate Change and Soil Ecosystem
13.6 Soil Carbon: Fact and Figures
13.7 Soil Carbon Under Changing Climate
13.8 Adapting and Managing the Impact of Climate Change
13.9 Managing the Soil Carbon
13.10 Agroforestry for Soil Carbon Improvement and Management
13.11 Fruit Based Agroforestry for Carbon Sequestration
13.12 Sustainable Soil Management
13.13 Policy and Legal Framework Related to Soil and Carbon
13.14 Conclusion
13.15 Future Thrust
References
14: Ecomodelling Towards Natural Resource Management and Sustainability
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Concept of Modelling
14.3 Development of Ecological Modelling
14.4 Need of Ecological Modelling
14.5 Spheres of Modelling
14.5.1 Socio-economic Modelling
14.5.2 Biophysical Modelling
14.5.3 Integrated Modelling
14.5.4 Biodiversity Modelling
14.6 Systems Approaches and Ecological Modelling
14.7 Application of Modelling Towards Sustainability
14.7.1 Application of Modelling in Agriculture Sector
14.7.2 Ecosystem and Climate
14.7.3 Energy
14.7.4 Human Health
14.7.5 Land Use
14.7.6 Resource Use and Consumption
14.7.7 Mining
14.7.8 Sustainable Development
14.7.9 Waste-Recycling and Reuse
14.7.10 Water Resources
14.8 Natural Resources and Their Management
14.9 Ecomodelling and Natural Resource Management
14.9.1 Modelling of Water Quality for Water Resource Management
14.9.2 Modelling for Pisciculture Resource Management
14.9.3 Management of Forest Resources Through Ecomodelling
14.10 Ecomodelling and Landscape Management
14.11 Ecosystem Modelling for Mapping Ecosystem Services
14.12 Research and Development in Ecomodelling for Resource Management
14.13 Conclusion
14.14 Future Research in Ecomodelling towards Natural Resource Management and Sustainability
References
15: Ecological Intensification for Sustainable Agriculture: The Nigerian Perspective
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Agriculture and Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa
15.3 Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks
15.4 Agricultural Systems and Practices in Nigeria
15.5 Ecological Intensification in Agricultural Practice in Nigeria
15.6 Sustainability of Nigerian Agricultural Systems
15.7 Challenges and Strategies for Agricultural/Ecological Intensification in Nigeria
15.8 Research and Development in Ecological Intensification of Agricultural Practices in Nigeria
15.9 Policy Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Intensification in Nigeria
15.10 Conclusion
15.11 Future Perspective
References
16: Eco-Designing for Sustainability
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Eco-Design and Sustainability
16.3 Natural Resource, Sustainability and Eco-Designing under Climate Change
16.3.1 Sustainable Design for Natural Resource Management
16.3.2 Climate Change and Natural Resource
16.3.3 Social and Economic Perspective on Sustainability
16.4 Green Technologies and Sustainable Development
16.5 Marketing and Environmental Issues
16.6 Green Market and Marketing
16.7 Eco-Friendly Product and Sustainable Architecture
16.8 Eco-Labelling
16.9 Strategic Approaches for Eco-Designing
16.10 Environmental Footprint and Eco-Design
16.11 Urban Green Space for Environment Protection
16.12 Business Strategies for Sustainable Management
16.13 Green Growth in Developing Countries
16.14 Eco-friendly Product and Sustainable Management in Different Sector
16.15 Policy and Legal Framework Towards Eco-Designing and Sustainability
16.16 Conclusion
16.17 Future of Eco-Design
References
17: Ecological Intensification: Towards Food and Environmental Security in Sub-Saharan Africa
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Concepts and Principles of Ecological Intensification
17.3 Food and Environmental Scenario in Sub-Saharan Africa
17.4 Food Security, Woodland Exploitation and Management
17.5 Systems for Ecological Intensification in Sub-Saharan Africa
17.5.1 Agroforestry
Agroforestry and Climate Change
Agroforestry and Crop Yields
Agroforestry and Improved Food Security
17.5.2 Improved Silvicultural Systems as an Ecological Intensification Approach
17.5.3 Entomoforestry
Cultivation and Harvesting of Edible Insects
Bees and Ecological Integrity
Wildlife Ranching
Game Ranching
Mixed Livestock-Game Farming
Mixed Aquaculture and Game Farming
Tourism-Game Ranching
A Combination of Aquaculture, Livestock, Tourism and Wildlife
17.6 Research and Developmental Activities Towards Food and Environmental Security
17.7 Policy and Legal Aspects of Ecological Intensification
17.8 Conclusion
17.9 Future Perspective
References
18: Eco-Intensified Breeding Strategies for Improving Climate Resilience in Goats
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Climate Change and Goat Farming Scenario across the Globe
18.3 Goat as Ideal Climate Animal Model
18.4 Goat as Most Significant Livelihood for Small and Marginal Farmers
18.5 Challenges Associated with Goat Production from Climate Change Perspectives
18.6 Climate Resilient Traits in Goats
18.6.1 Phenotypic Traits
18.6.2 Genotypic Traits
18.7 Significance of Identifying Agro-Ecological Zone-Specific Goat Breeds
18.8 Time for Revisiting the Breeding Programs in Goats
18.9 Eco-Intensification Practices for Breeding in Goats
18.10 Prospects of Eco-Intensified Breeding Strategies
18.11 Breeding Strategies for Improving Climate Resilience in Goats
18.12 Advances in Genomics and Proteomics Tools for Identifying Thermo-Tolerance in Goats
18.13 Policy, Planning, and Legal Perspectives
18.14 Future Proteomic Approaches in Identification of Thermo-Tolerant Breeds
18.15 Concluding Remarks
References

2021-10-10