"This book is about the transformation of the biomedical information to smart healthcare, the chapters are designed to discuss the health associated factors such as genetics, lifestyle, nutrition and environmental factors. The interactions of these factors and the informatics for the analyses of their effects on health are also covered. The era of aging is approaching and the P4 (predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory) medicine paradigm is becoming practical and reality. According to the Kondratiev's long wave theory, IT (information technology) and health will be the next technological revolution for the new economic cycle. This book is written for biomedical informatics scientists, clinicians, health practitioners and researchers, etc."--Publisher's description

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Adobe InDesign CC 2017 (Windows)

Shen, Bairong

Birgit Zirn

Springer Science + Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd

Springer Nature Singapore

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, volume 1005, Singapore, 2017

Springer Nature, Singapore, 2017

Singapore, Singapore

1st ed. 2017, 2017

Sep 16, 2017

2, 20170915

sm67005271

producers:
Adobe PDF Library 15.0

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Source title: Translational Informatics in Smart Healthcare (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)

Contents 6
Chapter 1: Informatics for Precision Medicine and Healthcare 7
1.1 Introduction 8
1.2 Search Strategy 9
1.3 TBI and Smart Healthcare 9
1.3.1 Bioinformatics 10
1.3.2 Imaging Informatics 10
1.3.3 Clinical Informatics 12
1.3.4 Public Health Informatics 12
1.3.5 Smart Healthcare: Patient-Centric Informatics 13
1.4 The Partnership Between TBI and Smart Healthcare 13
1.4.1 Smart Healthcare: Ease of Information Access 13
1.4.2 TBI: Making Sense of the Data 14
1.5 P4 Medicine and Smart Healthcare Technology 16
1.5.1 Prediction 16
1.5.2 Prevention 17
1.5.3 Personalized Healthcare 17
1.5.4 Participation 18
1.6 Challenges and Future Directions 19
1.6.1 Lack of Interoperable Standards 20
1.6.2 Data Security and Privacy 20
1.6.3 Data Quality 21
1.6.4 Data Presentation 21
1.6.5 Patient Adoption and Engagement 21
1.7 Conclusions 22
References 22
Chapter 2: Genetic Test, Risk Prediction, and Counseling 27
2.1 Genetic Test 27
2.1.1 Introduction 28
2.1.2 Testing Technologies 30
2.1.3 Promising Applications in Clinical Practice 30
2.1.4 Challenges in Implementation 32
2.1.5 Conclusion and Future Direction 33
2.2 Disease Risk Prediction 34
2.2.1 Introduction and Background 34
2.2.2 Methods for Genetic Risk Prediction 36
2.2.3 Model Evaluation 40
2.2.4 Case Studies 41
2.2.5 Summary: Challenges and Opportunities 44
2.3 Genetic Counseling 45
2.3.1 Genetic Counseling: An Emerging Profession 45
2.3.2 Key Components in Genetic Counseling 46
2.3.3 Changing Roles of Genetic Counseling in the New Era 47
2.3.4 Summary 49
References 49
Chapter 3: Newborn Screening in the Era of Precision Medicine 53
3.1 Introduction 54
3.2 Objective and Implications of NBS 55
3.3 Policy-Making of NBS for Precision Medicine 56
3.4 Prospective Trial Design of NBS in Precision Medicine Era 58
3.5 NBS and Current Genetic Technologies 59
3.6 The Role of Genetic Counseling and Education in NBS 60
3.7 Future Challenges in NBS Program in the Era of Precision Medicine 61
3.7.1 Unanticipated Information 61
3.7.2 Ethical and Social Issues of Integration WGS into NBS 63
3.7.3 Health Behaviors or Environmental Impacts on NBS 64
3.8 Conclusion 64
References 65
Chapter 4: Trace Elements and Healthcare: A Bioinformatics Perspective 68
4.1 Introduction 68
4.2 Computational Resource for Trace Elements 70
4.2.1 Databases 70
4.2.2 Computational Tools for Trace Element Utilization 71
4.3 Metabolism and Homeostasis of Trace Elements and Their Association with Disease 72
4.3.1 Iron 73
4.3.1.1 Iron Metabolism and Iron-Binding Proteins 73
4.3.1.2 Iron Homeostasis and Diseases 75
4.3.2 Zinc 76
4.3.2.1 Zinc Metabolism and Zinc-Dependent Proteome 76
4.3.2.2 Zinc Homeostasis and Diseases 78
4.3.3 Copper 79
4.3.3.1 Copper Metabolism and Cuproproteins 80
4.3.3.2 Copper Status and Human Diseases 82
4.3.4 Molybdenum 84
4.3.4.1 Molybdenum Uptake, Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis, and Molybdoproteins 84
4.3.4.2 Molybdenum Cofactor and Molybdoenzyme Deficiencies 85
4.3.5 Selenium 86
4.3.5.1 Selenocysteine Biosynthesis and Selenoproteins 86
4.3.5.2 Selenium Metabolism and Human Disease 87
4.3.6 Other Trace Elements 88
4.4 Ionomics and Human Health 89
4.4.1 An Overview of Ionome and Ionomics 89
4.4.2 Recent Application of Disease Ionomics 91
4.5 Conclusions 92
References 92
Chapter 5: Tongue Image Analysis and Its Mobile App Development for Health Diagnosis 104
5.1 Introduction 104
5.2 Tongue Diagnosis in TCM 106
5.3 Tongue Feature Extraction and Classification 107
5.3.1 Feature Extraction for Tongue Image Analysis 107
5.3.2 Supervised Learning Algorithms for ZHENG Classification 109
5.3.3 Petechia Dot Identification 110
5.3.4 Petechia Dot Geometry Feature Extraction 110
5.3.5 Dataset Labeling and Preprocessing 112
5.4 Results and Analysis 113
5.4.1 Experimental Setup 113
5.4.2 Classification Results Based on Tongue Coating and ZHENG for Gastritis Patients 114
5.4.3 Classification Results for Gastritis Patients vs. Control Group 119
5.4.4 Analysis of Classification Results 122
5.4.5 Applying Feature Selection Algorithm 123
5.4.6 iTongue Mobile App 123
5.5 Conclusion 125
References 126
Chapter 6: Physical Exercise Prescription in Metabolic Chronic Disease 127
6.1 Introduction 127
6.2 Epidemiology and Definition of NCCDs 128
6.3 Etiology of Metabolic Syndrome 131
6.4 Aerobic and Resistance Exercise 132
6.4.1 Physical Exercise Definition and Measurement 132
6.4.2 Aerobic Exercise 133
6.4.3 Resistance Exercise 133
6.5 Exercise as Prescription: Indications and Contraindications 134
6.5.1 Indications 134
6.5.2 Contraindications 138
6.6 Exercise in Cancer 138
6.7 Italian Model of Exercise Prescription 141
6.8 Conclusions 142
References 143
Chapter 7: Informatics for Nutritional Genetics and Genomics 146
7.1 Introduction 146
7.1.1 Development of Nutrition Science 146
7.1.2 Metabolic Homeostasis 147
7.2 Nutrition-Gene Interactions 149
7.2.1 Nutritional Genomics 149
7.2.2 Nutrigenomics Research 150
7.2.3 Nutrigenetics 150
7.2.4 Challenges in Nutrigenetics 151
7.2.5 Nutritional Influences on Epigenetics 152
7.2.6 Ethical Considerations 153
7.2.7 Conclusion 153
7.3 Nutrition in Diseases 153
7.3.1 Cancer 154
7.3.2 Atherosclerosis 154
7.3.3 Alzheimer ́s Diseases 155
7.3.4 Type 2 Diabetes 156
7.4 Databases for Nutritional Genetics and Genomics 157
7.5 Systems Biology for Nutritional Genomics 157
7.5.1 The Technologies 158
7.5.2 Transcriptomics 159
7.5.3 Proteomics 160
7.5.4 Metabolomics 160
7.5.5 The Omics Workflow 161
7.5.6 Data Integration 162
7.5.7 Nutrition, Systemic Metabolism, and Epigenetics 163
7.6 Future Perspectives 164
References 164
Chapter 8: Interactions Between Genetics, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors for Healthcare 170
8.1 Introduction 171
8.2 Epigenetic-Mediated Genetics-Lifestyle-Environment Interactions 172
8.2.1 Epigenetics 172
8.2.2 Genetics-Lifestyle-Environment Interplay 172
8.3 Disease Studies 174
8.3.1 Cardiovascular Diseases 174
8.3.2 Nervous System Diseases 175
8.3.3 Cancers 176
8.3.4 Others 178
8.4 Populations, Regions, and Health 178
8.4.1 Chinese Subjects 178
8.4.2 Japanese Subjects 180
8.4.3 Italian Subjects 180
8.4.4 Others 181
8.5 Systems Medicine and Healthy Longevity 181
8.5.1 Paradigm of Systems Medicine 181
8.5.2 Data Sources, Models, and Platforms 183
8.5.3 Precision Healthcare and Longevity 188
8.6 Conclusions 189
References 189
Chapter 9: Cohort Research in ``Omics ́ ́ and Preventive Medicine 195
9.1 Introduction 196
9.2 Basic Knowledge of Cohort Study 196
9.2.1 Definition of Cohort Study 196
9.2.2 Types of Cohort Study 197
9.2.2.1 Prospective Cohort 197
9.2.2.2 Retrospective Cohort 198
9.2.2.3 Ambidirectional Cohort 198
9.3 Design of the Cohort Study 199
9.3.1 Selection of the Cohort Study 199
9.3.1.1 General Population 199
9.3.1.2 Special Exposure Population 199
9.3.1.3 Internal Comparisons 200
9.3.1.4 External Comparisons 200
9.3.1.5 Multiple Comparison Groups 200
9.3.1.6 Other Considerations 200
9.3.2 Data Collection 201
9.3.3 Exposure Information 201
9.3.3.1 Existing Records 201
9.3.3.2 Interviews and Questionnaires 202
9.3.3.3 Direct Physical Examination and Testing 202
9.3.3.4 Direct Environmental Measurement 202
9.3.4 Outcome Data 203
9.3.5 Approaches to Follow-Up 204
9.4 Data Analysis for the Cohort Study 205
9.4.1 Measures of Outcome Frequency 205
9.4.2 Relative Risk 205
9.4.3 Attributable Risk 206
9.4.4 Population Attributable Risk 206
9.4.5 Attributable Risk Percent 206
9.5 Sources of Bias in Cohort Studies 207
9.5.1 Selection Bias 207
9.5.2 Attrition Bias 208
9.5.3 Effects of Nonparticipation 208
9.5.4 Information Bias 209
9.5.4.1 Non-differential Misclassification 209
9.5.4.2 Differential Misclassification 209
9.5.5 Confounding Bias 209
9.6 Tools and Software for Cohort Studies 210
9.7 Strengths and Limitations of Cohort Study 210
9.7.1 Strengths of Cohort Study 210
9.7.2 Limitations of Cohort Study 211
9.8 Conclusions on Cohort Study 211
9.9 Cohort Study with Omics Data Analysis 211
9.9.1 Introduction 211
9.9.2 Cohort Study with Genomic Data Analysis 212
9.9.3 Cohort Study with Transcriptomics Data 213
9.9.4 Cohort Study with Integrative Omics Data Analysis 214
9.10 Perspectives on Cohort Research 215
9.10.1 Data-Driven Medicine and Cohort Research 215
9.10.2 Cohort Research for Healthcare Medicine 216
9.10.3 Cohort Research for Preventive Medicine 217
References 219

Front Matter ....Pages i-v
Informatics for Precision Medicine and Healthcare (Jiajia Chen, Yuxin Lin, Bairong Shen)....Pages 1-20
Genetic Test, Risk Prediction, and Counseling (Maggie Haitian Wang, Haoyi Weng)....Pages 21-46
Newborn Screening in the Era of Precision Medicine (Lan Yang, Jiajia Chen, Bairong Shen)....Pages 47-61
Trace Elements and Healthcare: A Bioinformatics Perspective (Yan Zhang)....Pages 63-98
Tongue Image Analysis and Its Mobile App Development for Health Diagnosis (Ratchadaporn Kanawong, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi, Dahai Liu, Meng Zhang, Dong Xu, Ye Duan)....Pages 99-121
Physical Exercise Prescription in Metabolic Chronic Disease (Laura Stefani, Giorgio Galanti)....Pages 123-141
Informatics for Nutritional Genetics and Genomics (Yuan Gao, Jiajia Chen)....Pages 143-166
Interactions Between Genetics, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors for Healthcare (Yuxin Lin, Jiajia Chen, Bairong Shen)....Pages 167-191
Cohort Research in “Omics” and Preventive Medicine (Yi Shen, Sheng Zhang, Jie Zhou, Jiajia Chen)....Pages 193-220

2017-11-21